Charge carriers in rechargeable batteries: Na ions vs. Li ions

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung You Hong ◽  
Youngjin Kim ◽  
Yuwon Park ◽  
Aram Choi ◽  
Nam-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Na Ions

ChemInform Abstract: Charge Carriers in Rechargeable Batteries: Na Ions vs. Li Ions

ChemInform ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (22) ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung You Hong ◽  
Youngjin Kim ◽  
Yuwon Park ◽  
Aram Choi ◽  
Nam-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Na Ions

scholarly journals Potassium-ion batteries: outlook on the present and future technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xi ◽  
xin min ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Minghao Fang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Future Technologies

The limited resources and uneven distribution of lithium stimulate a strong motivation to develop new rechargeable batteries that use alternative charge carriers. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are at the top of...

scholarly journals Coupling Alkaline Conversion Zn Anode with Acidic Proton-insertion MoO3 Cathode for High-voltage Aqueous Rechargeable Hybrid Battery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingwei Cai ◽  
Yichun Ding ◽  
Yangjie Liu ◽  
Zhenhai Wen
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Zn Anode

Abstract Hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) are regarded as ideal charge carriers for rechargeable batteries thanks to their small size, high ion mobility, low cost, and wide flexibility compared to the metal ions. However, the implementation of storage of both H+ and OH- in one electrochemical energy device face grand challenge due to incompatibility between H+ and OH-. Herein, we report an alkali-acid Zn-MoO3 hybrid battery that employ H+ and OH- as charge carriers of cathode and anode, respectively, in which the insertion/deinsertion of H+ take place on layer structured MoO3 cathode in acid while OH- are involved in alkaline conversion Zn anode, which offers a promising route to well address the incompatible issues of H+ and OH- in one electrolyte. The as-built hybrid battery can deliver a high open-circuit voltage of 1.85 V, a high rate capability, a high capacity of 158 mAh g-1 at a current density of 5 A g-1, and excellent capacity retention of above 90% over 200 cycles. This work sheds light on the development of aqueous energy devices with high voltage and energy density through materials engineering and device optimization.

scholarly journals Atomic-scale tandem regulation of anionic and cationic migration for long-life alkali metal batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Xiong ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xiuyun Zhang ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Yunyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract Atomic-scale regulation of both cationic and anionic transport is of great significance in membrane-based separation technologies. Ionic transport regulation techniques could also play a crucial role in developing high-performance alkali metal batteries such as alkali metal-sulfur and alkali metal-selenium batteries, which suffer from the non-uniform transport of alkali metal ions and detrimental shuttling of polysulfide/polyselenide (PS) anions. These obstacles can cause severe growth of alkali metal dendrites and the irreversible consumption of active cathodes, leading to capacity decay and short cycling life. Herein, we report long-life alkali metal batteries enabled by atomic-scale tandem regulation of the migration of both alkali metal cations (Li+/Na+) and PS anions using negatively charged Ti0.87O2 nanosheets with Ti atomic vacancies. The shuttling of PS anions has been effectively eliminated via a robust electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged nanosheets and PS anions. The negatively charged nanosheets can also regulate the migration of Li+/Na+ ions to ensure a homogeneous ion flux through efficient but light adhesion of Li+/Na+ ions within the nanosheets. The atomic Ti vacancies act as sub-nanometre pores to provide fast diffusion channels for Li+/Na+ ions. Therefore, eradication of PS shuttling and stable Li/Na-ion diffusion without compromising the fast transport of Li+/Na+ ions has been achieved for long-life alkali metal-sulfur and alkali metal-selenium batteries. This work provides a facile and effective strategy to regulate the transport of both cations and anions for developing advanced rechargeable batteries by using two-dimensional vacancy-enhanced materials.

Electrochemical Insertion of Li and Na Ions into Nanocrystalline Fe[sub 3]O[sub 4] and α-Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3] for Rechargeable Batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. A60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Komaba ◽  
Takashi Mikumo ◽  
Naoaki Yabuuchi ◽  
Atsushi Ogata ◽  
Hiromi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Na Ions

scholarly journals The electrochemical storage mechanism in oxy-hydroxyfluorinated anatase for sodium-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Mika Fukunishi ◽  
Benjamin J. Morgan ◽  
Olaf. J. Borkiewicz ◽  
Valérie Pralong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Electrochemical Storage

Replacing lithium ions with sodium ions as the charge carriers in rechargeable batteries can induce noticeable differences in the electrochemical storage mechanisms.

Detector strategies for environmental scanning electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Electrode ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Environmental Sem

Environmental SEM operate at specimen chamber pressures of ∼20 torr (2.7 kPa) allowing stabilization of liquid water at room temperature, working on rugged insulators, and generation of an environmental secondary electron (ESE) signal. All signals available in conventional high vacuum instruments are also utilized in the environmental SEM, including BSE, SE, absorbed current, CL, and X-ray. In addition, the ESEM allows utilization of the flux of charge carriers as information, providing exciting new signal modes not available to BSE imaging or to conventional high vacuum SEM.In the ESEM, at low vacuum, SE electrons are collected with a “gaseous detector”. This detector collects low energy electrons (and ions) with biased wires or plates similar to those used in early high vacuum SEM for SE detection. The detector electrode can be integrated into the first PLA or positioned at any other place resulting in a versatile system that provides a variety of surface information.

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

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