Natural gas anodes for aluminium electrolysis in molten fluorides

2016 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Martin Haarberg ◽  
Babak Khalaghi ◽  
Tommy Mokkelbost
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Anode Potential ◽  
Carbon Consumption ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolysis ◽  
Anode Carbon ◽  
Molten Fluorides ◽  
Carbon Anodes

Industrial primary production of aluminium has been developed and improved over more than 100 years. The molten salt electrolysis process is still suffering from low energy efficiency and considerable emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2 and PFC). A new concept has been suggested where methane is supplied through the anode so that the CO2 emissions may be reduced significantly, the PFC emissions may be eliminated and the energy consumption may decrease significantly. Porous carbon anodes made from different graphite grades were studied in controlled laboratory experiments. The anode potential, the anode carbon consumption and the level of HF gas above the electrolyte were measured during electrolysis. In some cases it was found that the methane oxidation was effectively participating in the anode process.

Heat Pumps for Energy Saving of Building Hot Water Supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 587-590
Author(s):  
Qing Hai Luo ◽  
Zheng Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Hot Water Supply

This paper analyzes the energy consumption of hot water supply in buildings and the insurmountable shortcoming of low energy efficiency of conventional water heaters, and investigates the progress and problems of developing heat pump water heaters. It is pointed out that developing of heat pump water heaters is one of the efficient approaches to improve the energy efficiency of hot water supply.

The Strategies of Passive Energy-Efficiency Design in Low Energy Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1318-1321
Author(s):  
Xin Bin Wang ◽  
Jia Ping Liu ◽  
Yu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

This paper briefly analyzes the structure and conservation approaches of building energy consumption, analyzes the forming reason and influence factors of heating and air-conditioning energy consumption and proposes the passive energy conservation designing strategies of low energy consumption building. Through the passive methods of building design, envelop enclosure and planning landscape, the goal of last year building low energy conservation can be achieved.

scholarly journals A Design Strategy for Energy-Efficient Rural Houses in Severe Cold Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6481
Author(s):  
Wente Pan ◽  
Hongyuan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
Savings Rate

In the past decade, Chinese urban areas have seen rapid development, and rural areas are becoming the next construction hotspot. The development of rural buildings in China has lagged behind urban development, and there is a lack of energy-efficient rural buildings. Rural houses in severe cold regions have the characteristics of large energy exchange, a long heating cycle, and low construction costs. Energy consumption is a crucial issue for rural houses in severe cold regions. How to balance the energy efficiency and building cost become a crucial problem. To solve this problem, we investigate the energy consumption of rural housing in cold regions, using Longquan Village in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, as a case study. A low-energy design framework is established that considers the spatial layout, building type, enclosure system, and heating system. With the support of project funds, a demonstration house is constructed, and the energy savings performance of the building is investigated during the heating period. The results indicate that the energy savings rate of the demonstration house is 66%. The demonstration building enables local residents to learn construction methods for low-energy houses and promotes energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Influence of the capillary pipe geometry on the energy efficiency of household refrigerator

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Apostol Simitchiev ◽  
Donka Stoeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Domestic Refrigerator ◽  
Optimal Geometry ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Pipe Geometry

The energy efficiency of household refrigerating appliances was measured according to EN TSO15502. A Liebherr TKP 1650 built-in Domestic refrigerator is used to determine the influence of the capillary pipe geometry. The temperatures at the injection site of the refrigerant, the inlet and outlet of the evaporator receiver were measured. The obtained results show that there is no universal optimal geometry of the capillary pipe. There is no element of the refrigeration cycle whose change has no effect on the refrigerant flow rate passing through the capillary pipe. A change in the geometry of capillary pipe affects all other components of the refrigeration cycle and can greatly improve or impair the efficiency of the refrigerator. The potential for switching from one to two different geometries of the capillary pipe is approximately 8% improvement in energy consumption. Possible implementation should take into account the potential savings - 8% and the life cycle of the particular appliance (- 15 years). For the particular measured device, the consumption per year is about 75kWh, which should take into account that the device itself has a low volume and low energy consumption.

scholarly journals Kinematics Model Approach to Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Fuze Xu ◽  
Pengchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Kinematics Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Underactuated Robot ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract As the energy efficiency is a worldwide topic for sustainability in sustainable manufacturing, the industry ought to undertake the responsibility in a low-energy manner. For energy efficiency, this paper proposed a novel lightweight Non-holonomic Spherical Underactuated Robot (NSUR) with lower energy consumption and fewer actuators than traditional robotics. The kinematics of a robot refers the motion analysis, such as coordinates, velocity, and acceleration. However, current researches always focus on the holonomic full-actuated robot. This paper is devoted to a kind of novel NSUR and its theoretical kinematics analysis model. After NSUR was introduced, the kinematic representation of NSUR was discussed. A pair inverse and forward kinematics analysis of NSUR was put forward in detail. The kinematic analysis of joint of underactuated robot, as the application of NSUR, is applied to explain and verify this methodology. The measurements and comparisons of energy efficiency between NSUR and traditional robotics are also derived in detail.

The Measure and Analysis of Industry Total Factor Energy Efficiency about Inner Mongolia Based on the DEA Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1345-1348
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Liu ◽  
Jiao Yu ◽  
Yu Duo Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This article discusses the application of the data envelopment analysis in the energy efficiency measure of the industries, which thinks that according to energy consumption intensity industries can be divided into three categories, high, middle and low energy consumption, respectively discussion will have more theoretical significance. Later, this paper chooses constant returns to scale model, respectively measures total factor energy efficiency to three kinds of Inner Mongolia industrial industries, and summarizes the changes and characteristics of energy efficiency in these three kinds of industries. Result shows that, the energy efficiencies among high energy consumption industries are similar and recently they began to decline; the energy efficiencies of middle energy consumption industries are relatively high, but there are some differences between industries; in most low energy consumption industries energy efficiencies are low and the fluctuation is lesser, but several fluctuations are bigger which industries are worth our attention.

scholarly journals Determination of the Energy Performance of a Solar Low Energy House with Regard to Aspects of Energy Efficiency and Smartness of the House

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232
Author(s):  
Dorota Chwieduk ◽  
Michał Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

The paper shows how difficult it is to prove technically that a building really is both low energy and smart, and that all aspects of energy efficiency have been treated equally. Regulations connected to the determination of the energy performance of residential buildings take into account only space and hot water heating energy consumption and define the indices of maximal primary energy consumption, but not energy needs based on the architecture of the building. A single family house designed and constructed as a low energy solar house in Warsaw’s suburbs is considered. Availability of solar energy and its influence on the architecture of the house is analyzed. A specific solar passive architectural concept with solar southern and cold northern buffer spaces incorporated into the interior of the house is presented. Parameters of the building’s structure, construction materials, as well as operation parameters of equipment and heating systems based on active use of solar energy, ground energy (via a heat pump) and waste heat from a ventilation system are described. Results of calculations give values of final and primary energy consumption index levels of 11.58 kWh/m2 and 25.77 kWh/m2, respectively. However, the official methodology for determination of energy performance does not allow for presenting how energy efficient and smart the building really is.

Definition of nZEB Renovation Standard

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Country Specific

The aim of the chapter is to present existing definitions of building renovation to nearly zero energy building (nZEB). The EU buildings stock has low energy efficiency and is responsible for the biggest energy consumption. This chapter describes first of all the legal background in EU and general definition of nZEB renovation. In the next part, country-specific definitions are cited. Most of them are setting requirements for primary energy demand. The example of Poland is used to show the possible process of defining the nZEB renovation standard.

scholarly journals Increasing Energy Efficiency of the Executive Mechanisms of Intellectual Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
A Djalilov ◽  
R Baratov ◽  
E Sobirov ◽  
M Begmatov ◽  
X Valixonova
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Positive Solution ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
The World

At the same time, the demand for water and energy resources around the world is growing year by year. This requires the efficient use of available water and energy resources. Currently, attention is paid to the low energy consumption of devices manufactured in all areas. In particular, in our country, scientific research is being conducted to create energy-efficient devices in the water management system. This article is devoted to the positive solution of the listed problematic issues.

scholarly journals Compression Studies on LoRa Antenna Design for IoT Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-201
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Long Range Communication

In this paper, a review on the LoRa antenna design for IoT application is studied. The expansion of the Internet of Things ( IoT) has led the industry to develop new communication solutions, as current protocols are inadequate in terms of scope and energy efficiency to satisfy IoT requirements. Before studying antenna design, some background LoRa and IoT were discussed at beginning of the paper. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has main characteristics such as low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin protection and GPS-free positioning. Besides, a comparison according to the method, resonance frequency, material, size of the antenna and the output is shown in the form of table. In addition, the strength and the weakness of each of the antenna design were discussed before the end of the paper.

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