Definition of nZEB Renovation Standard

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Country Specific

The aim of the chapter is to present existing definitions of building renovation to nearly zero energy building (nZEB). The EU buildings stock has low energy efficiency and is responsible for the biggest energy consumption. This chapter describes first of all the legal background in EU and general definition of nZEB renovation. In the next part, country-specific definitions are cited. Most of them are setting requirements for primary energy demand. The example of Poland is used to show the possible process of defining the nZEB renovation standard.

The Least Energy Demand Method as Metric to Evaluate Different Production Levels Based on the Relative Energy Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Isabel Kupfer ◽  
Markus Brandmeier ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents a calculation system for evaluating the energy efficiency at machine, plant, location, company, and sector level based on the process specific minimum energy demand. The goal is a comparability of the energy efficiency across machines, plants, locations, companies, and sectors through definition of significant key figures. The basis of the derivation of possible saving potentials is the relative energy efficiency (REE). [7] It is determined by the quotient of minimal energy demand and actually measured consumption and requires that the actually measured energy consumption refers to an independent basis of comparison. The step-by-step development of the calculation system, structured in levels, is based on the detailed analysis of all the influential factors of the energy consumption with the help of cause and effect diagrams to calculate the minimally necessary energy demands for the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the described bottom-up approach delivers, ensuing from the process oriented level of perspective, the step-by-step conception of the calculation method. The REE of a level of perspective is calculated on the basis of the REE value of the previous production level as well as according weighting factors. On the basis of the calculation, as well as subsequent measurements within the company, optimization potentials [10] can be clearly described and can lead back to their roots. These optimization potentials are based on exemplary trials presented for a chosen manufacturing chain of the electronics production area.

scholarly journals NZEB Renovation Definition in a Heating Dominated Climate: Case Study of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg ◽  
Michał Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Definition Of

The main objective of this article is to propose possible requirements for NZEB (nearly zero-energy buildings) renovation definition in heating dominated climate. A survey was carried out on potential approaches and indicators that could be used for the NZEB definition of existing single-family houses in Poland. The process of determining requirements for the NZEB renovation definition was divided into two stages. The cost-optimal U-values of the building’s envelope were initially calculated and, based on them, the energy demand for heating (QH) and the reduction of non-renewable primary energy demand (QP) were estimated. The calculations were made for different energy prices, locations, and two building models. Based on them the requirements for cost-optimal renovation (QH ≤ 60 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 75%) and NZEB renovation (QH ≤ 40 kWh/(m² year), QP reduction ≥ 80%) were proposed. In contrast to definitions using only a maximum level of QP, two indicators were used. Such a solution is appropriate for existing buildings because it prevents the situation in which only renewable energy sources (RES) (with a low primary energy factor) will be applied in order to decrease the primary, non-renewable energy demand.

scholarly journals MALAYSIAN ENERGY DEMAND AND EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Al-Mofleh ◽  
Soib Taib ◽  
Wael A. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
World Energy

Road transport represents one of the greatest areas of challenge for energy efficiency. A growing percentage of petrol usage is due to consumption in the transportation sector. However, in other sectors, petrol has been recently partially or totally substituted by other fuels. The need for worldwide action to achieve energy efficiency in the transportation sector has been recognized by the agencies of the United Nations and other international governmental and non‐governmental organizations. Transportation is one of the key factors for the growth and development of Malaysian economy. Currently, more than 80% of primary energy consumption based on fossil fuels and demand stays high and is supposed continually grow in the future. Even if technology developments eventually able to reduce specific consumption, world energy demand is likely to increase in line with its population. This sector also accounts for a substantial amount of air pollution in cities and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to analyze factors influencing the pattern and emission level of energy consumption in the transportation sector of Malaysia and extrapolates the total energy demand and vehicular emissions.

scholarly journals Determination of the Energy Performance of a Solar Low Energy House with Regard to Aspects of Energy Efficiency and Smartness of the House

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232
Author(s):  
Dorota Chwieduk ◽  
Michał Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

The paper shows how difficult it is to prove technically that a building really is both low energy and smart, and that all aspects of energy efficiency have been treated equally. Regulations connected to the determination of the energy performance of residential buildings take into account only space and hot water heating energy consumption and define the indices of maximal primary energy consumption, but not energy needs based on the architecture of the building. A single family house designed and constructed as a low energy solar house in Warsaw’s suburbs is considered. Availability of solar energy and its influence on the architecture of the house is analyzed. A specific solar passive architectural concept with solar southern and cold northern buffer spaces incorporated into the interior of the house is presented. Parameters of the building’s structure, construction materials, as well as operation parameters of equipment and heating systems based on active use of solar energy, ground energy (via a heat pump) and waste heat from a ventilation system are described. Results of calculations give values of final and primary energy consumption index levels of 11.58 kWh/m2 and 25.77 kWh/m2, respectively. However, the official methodology for determination of energy performance does not allow for presenting how energy efficient and smart the building really is.

scholarly journals HAVAALANI TERMİNAL BİNALARINDA EKSERJİ AKILCILIĞI VE KÜRESEL ISINMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2019.2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Birol Kilkis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Criteria

Bu makalede terminal binalarının ekserji-düzeltili yolcu başına sarf edilen enerji miktarını uçak yolculuklarında sarf edilen ekserji-düzeltili enerji ile karşılaştıran yeni ölçütler tanıtılmaktadır. Söz konusu enerji tüketimlerinin toplam CO2 salım sorumluluklarına ve küresel ısınmaya nasıl yansıdığı ise akılcı ekserji yönetim modeli (REMM) ile incelenmektedir. Bu ölçütlere göre verimsiz terminaller yolcu başına 12 ila 15 kW-h/yıl enerji tüketmektedirler. Toplamda EP olarak adlandırılan terminallerde yolcu-başı enerji, ısı, soğuk, sıcak servis suyu ve buhar gibi değişik birim ekserji kırılımlarını içermediğinden yeni ekserji-düzeltili yolcu başına enerji tanımı getirilmiştir. Böylelikle terminallerin gerçek zamanda CO2 salım sorumlulukları ve sürdürülebilir çevreye olumsuz etkileri birebir incelenebilmektedir. Yolcu-başı enerji, ekserji eş bazına getirildiğinde bu tür terminallerin birincil enerji talebi 80 ila 100 kW-h/yolcu olmaktadır. Makalede CO2 salımları yanı sıra soğutma kulelerinin ve yoğuşmalı kazanların bilinenin aksine daha fazla su buharının atmosfere salınmasından sorumlu olmaları nedeni ile sera etkilerinin fazla olduğu da göz önünde tutularak küresel ısınma ve ozon tabakası seyreltim potansiyelleri incelenmektedir. Makalede Amsterdam Schiphol ve İstanbul IGA havaalanları yeni ölçütlerle mukayese edilmektedir. This article introduces new benchmarks that compare the amount of exergy-corrected energy consumed per terminal building with the exergy-corrected energy consumed in air travel. How these energy consumptions reflect on total CO2 emission responsibilities and global warming is examined with a rational exergy management model (REMM). According to these criteria, inefficient terminals consume 12 to 15 kW-h / year energy per passenger. Since the terminals named as EP in total do not contain different unit exergy breaks such as energy per passenger, heat, cold, hot service water and steam, a new definition of exergy-corrected passenger is introduced. Thus, the responsibilities of the terminals to release CO2 in real time and their negative effects on the sustainable environment can be examined. When passenger-head energy is brought to exergy level, the primary energy demand of such terminals is 80 to 100 kW-h / passenger. In addition to CO2 emissions, the article examines global warming and ozone layer dilution potentials, considering that cooling towers and condensing boilers are responsible for the release of more water vapor into the atmosphere, contrary to what is known. In the article, Amsterdam Schiphol and Istanbul IGA airports are compared with new criteria.

scholarly journals Study of the possibility of implementation in Finland of the Passivhaus concept in order to reduce energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Andreea Cristina Tataru ◽  
Aurora Stanci
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Passive building has been defined by Wolfgang Feist, Passivhaus Institut, as being the building that demand for heating must not be more than 15 kWh/m² year, and total consumption of primary energy should not be more than 120 kWh/m² year. In this paper we strive to study at the concept of ’passive house’ in the Finland. Using the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software 2007 calculate the heating requirements for such a House, depending on the latitude and climate conditions in the locality. For the study were selected 6 cities from Finland placed to different latitudes and climatic areas. To determine the possibility of implementing the concept ”passive House” must be determined: required heating, cooling demand and primary energy demand. In order to implement this concept should not exceed maximum limits.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND VALUE FOR NON-RENEWABLE PRIMARY ENERGY EP IN LOW ENERGY BUILDINGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 (46) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pawłowski ◽  
Magdalena Nakielska ◽  
Dariusz Buchaniec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Heating Installation ◽  
Demand Factor ◽  
Low Energy Buildings

In order to achieve the standard of a low energy building it is needed to define the energy characteristics of the building with t-aiming at the minimal value of primary energy demand factor EP. The analysis of a building for energy saving concerns thermal parameters of external heat partitions, central heating installation efficiency, ventilation and hot water installation as well as using renewable energy sources. In this work there is an analysis of selected factors affecting PE factor in existing and new-designed buildings and there are valuable practical conclusions formulated.

A PSO–GA optimal model to estimate primary energy demand of China

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Yu ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Primary Energy Demand
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