Porcine circovirus type 2 affects the serum profile of amino acids and intestinal expression of amino acid transporters in mice

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (90) ◽  
pp. 73651-73659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingfu Xiao ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
Xionggui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

PCV2 is highly pathogenic, however, its effect on the serum amino acids profile is unknown.

scholarly journals Changes on the viral capsid surface during the evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from 2009 till 2018 may lead to a better receptor binding

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifang Wei ◽  
Jiexiong Xie ◽  
Sebastiaan Theuns ◽  
Hans J Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). Three major PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) have been identified globally. Despite their worldwide distribution, the prevalence and genetic evolution of PCV2 in Belgium has not previously been determined. In this study, 319 samples from animals suffering from diseases likely to be associated with PCV2 were collected from 2009 to 2018 and analysed by virus titration. The overall prevalence of PCV2 in PCVAD-suspected cases was 15.7 per cent (50/319). The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that at least three genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) circulated in Belgium from 2009 till 2018, and that PCV2 evolved from PCV2a to PCV2b and from PCV2d-1 to PCV2d-2. Sequence comparison among the forty-three PCV2 isolates showed that they had 89.7–100 per cent nucleotide-sequence and 88.5–100 per cent amino-acid-sequence identities. Three amino acid sites were under positive selection. Three-dimensional analysis of genotype-specific amino acids revealed that most of the mutations were on the outside of the cap protein with a few conserved mutations present on the inner side. Mutations toward more basic amino acids were found on the upper and tail parts of two connecting capsid proteins which form one big contact region, most probably involved in receptor binding. The lower part was relatively conserved. This polarity change together with the formation of an extruding part drive the virus to a more efficient GAG receptor binding. Taken together, these results showed a genotype shift from PCV2a to PCV2b and later on from PCV2d-1 to PCV2d-2, and a PCV2 evolution toward a better receptor binding capacity.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate via Impairing Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Attachment to Host Cell Receptor

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarong Li ◽  
Dongfeng Song ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Yadong Dai ◽  
Jiyong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Arginine Residues

The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exhibits antiviral activity against various viruses. Whether EGCG also inhibits the infectivity of circovirus remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the antiviral effect of EGCG on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). EGCG targets PCV2 virions directly and blocks the attachment of virions to host cells. The microscale thermophoresis assay showed EGCG could interact with PCV2 capsid protein in vitro with considerable affinity (Kd = 98.03 ± 4.76 μM), thereby interfering with the binding of the capsid to the cell surface receptor heparan sulfate. The molecular docking analysis of capsid–EGCG interaction identified the key amino acids which formed the binding pocket accommodating EGCG. Amino acids ARG51, ASP70, ARG73 and ASP78 of capsid were found to be critical for maintaining the binding, and the arginine residues were also essential for the electrostatic interaction with heparan sulfate. The rescued mutant viruses also confirm the importance of the key amino acids of the capsid to the antiviral effect of EGCG. Our findings suggest that catechins could act as anti-infective agents against circovirus invasion, as well as provide the basic information for the development and synthesis of structure-based anti-circovirus drugs.

Amino acid mutations in the capsid protein produce novel porcine circovirus type 2 neutralizing epitopes

2013 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
Liping Huang ◽  
Yanwu Wei ◽  
Qinghai Tang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Neutralizing Epitopes

Study of the genetic variability of porcine circovirus type 2 detected in Serbia and Slovenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Toplak ◽  
Sava Lazić ◽  
Diana Lupulović ◽  
Jasna Prodanov-Radulović ◽  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Major Variable

Recent variants of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were obtained from tissues of domestic pigs with porcine circovirus associated disease and from randomly selected wild boar samples from Serbia and Slovenia. A 450-base-pair nucleotide sequence was obtained by PCR from the ORF2. The derived nucleotide and amino acid sequences were aligned and compared to the corresponding region of closely related PCV2 sequences determined in previous years and retrieved from the GenBank. The 30 Serbian and 17 Slovenian PCV2 sequences clustered into three previously determined genotypes (PCV2a: 7), (PCV2b: 38) and (PCV2d: 2). Three major variable regions, concerning 29 amino acid position substitutions within the ORF2, were observed, which further supports the segregation of the detected strains into three separate genotypes. This study indicates that PCV2b is the predominant genotype in Serbia and Slovenia and the detected PCV2 strains are closely related to those previously described in Europe and in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) between 2015 and 2018 in Henan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanmin Zheng ◽  
Qingxia Lu ◽  
Fangyu Wang ◽  
Guangxu Xing ◽  
Hua Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinical Samples

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the pathogen of porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) and one of the main pathogens in the global pig industry, which has brought huge economic losses to the pig industry. In recent years, there has been limited research on the prevalence of PCV2 in Henan Province. This study investigated the genotype and evolution of PCV2 in this area. Results We collected 117 clinical samples from different regions of Henan Province from 2015 to 2018. Here, we found that the PCV2 infection rate of PCV2 was 62.4%. Thirty-seven positive clinical samples were selected to amplify the complete genome of PCV2 and were sequenced. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 ORF2 and complete genome, it was found that the 37 newly detected strains belonged to PCV2a (3 of 37), PCV2b (21 of 37) and PCV2d (13 of 37), indicating the predominant prevalence of PCV2b and PCV2d strains. In addition, we compared the amino acid sequences and found several amino acid mutation sites among different genotypes. Furthermore, the results of selective pressure analysis showed that there were 5 positive selection sites. Conclusions This study indicated the genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV2 genotypes in Henan Province during 2015–2018.

scholarly journals Mutant USA strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (mPCV2) exhibits similar virulence to the classical PCV2a and PCV2b strains in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 2495-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Opriessnig ◽  
Chao-Ting Xiao ◽  
Priscilla F. Gerber ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
Shannon R. Matzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Additional Amino Acid

In 2012, a mutant porcine circovirus type 2 (mPCV2) strain was identified in cases of PCV-associated disease (PCVAD) in the USA. The mPCV2 had an additional amino acid, lysine (K), in the capsid at position 234. The objectives of this study were to compare the pathogenicity of mPCV2, PCV2a and PCV2b in pigs using biologically pure infectious virus stocks derived from respective infectious DNA clones, and to investigate the importance of genotype-specific ORF2 and the presence of lysine at position 234 of the capsid. A total of 47, 2-week-old, caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were assigned to one of seven groups. At 3 weeks of age, the pigs were experimentally inoculated with saline, PCV2a, PCV2b, mPCV2, PCV2b-234-K (lysine addition in ORF2), chimeric PCV2b-ORF1/mPCV2-ORF2 or reciprocal chimeric mPCV2-ORF1/PCV2b-ORF2. All pigs were necropsied 21 days post-infection (p.i.). Gross lesions were limited to visible icterus and loss of body condition in a portion of the mPCV2 pigs. The amount of PCV2 DNA was significantly higher in pigs inoculated with mPCV2 compared with PCV2b in sera at 7 days p.i. and faecal swabs at 14 days p.i. Based on lymphoid lesions, a higher prevalence of PCVAD was seen in pigs infected with PCV2s containing the additional 234-K (64.3 %) compared with those infected with a PCV2 with the regular 233 bp ORF2 (40 %). Results indicated that all PCV2 isolates were capable of inducing severe lesions and disease in the CDCD pig model, and there was no significant difference in virulence.

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