scholarly journals Integrated hybrid life cycle assessment and supply chain environmental profile evaluations of lead-based (lead zirconate titanate) versus lead-free (potassium sodium niobate) piezoelectric ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3495-3520 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ibn-Mohammed ◽  
S. C. L. Koh ◽  
I. M. Reaney ◽  
A. Acquaye ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Sodium Niobate ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Material Extraction

Contrary to conventional knowledge, LCA of PZT vs. KNN indicates the presence of niobium in KNN constitutes far greater impact across all the 16 categories considered in comparison with PZT. The increased environmental impact of KNN occurs in the early stages of the LCA due to raw material extraction and processing.

scholarly journals Penilaian Kitar Hayat Suatu Pengenalan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidah Md Said ◽  
Amir Hamzah Sharaai ◽  
Sitty Nur Syafa Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Extraction

Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA) merupakan alat untuk menilai dan membanding impak alam sekitar oleh aktiviti manusia terhadap proses atau produk daripada awal hingga akhir hayatnya. Penggunaan sumber dan pembebasannya kepada alam sekitar berlaku pada pelbagai peringkat kitar hayat sesebuah produk daripada pengekstrakan bahan mentah, pemerolehan tenaga, penghasilan dan pembuatan, penggunaan, kitar semula dan pelupusan. Kesemuanya berpotensi menyumbang kepada perubahan iklim, penipisan lapisan ozon, pengasidan, eutrofikasi, bebanan ketoksikan terhadap kesihatan manusia dan ekosistem, pengurangan sumber, guna tanah dan sebagainya. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan memperkenalkan kerangka dan prosedur dalam melakukan kajian LCA, aplikasi, kelebihan dan pembatasan LCA untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam pengurusan alam sekitar dan pencegahan pencemaran. Kata kunci: Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA); pengurusan alam sekitar; pencegahan pencemaran Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to measure and compare the environmental impacts by human activities of a process or product from cradle to grave. Resources consumption and emission to environment occur at many stages in a product’s life cycle from raw material extraction, energy acquisition, production and manufacturing, use, recycling until the disposal. These potentially contribute to climate change, ozone depletion, acidification, euthrophication, toxicological stress on human health and ecosystems, the depletion of resources, land use, and others. This paper introduces the LCA framework and procedure, applications, advantage and limitation of LCA as well as its application in environmental management and pollution prevention scenarios. Key words: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); environmental management; pollution prevention

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Selected Plastics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Lubica Bednarova ◽  
Romana Dobáková ◽  
Marián Lázár ◽  
Natália Jasminská ◽  
Tomáš Brestovič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Material Extraction

The present article deals with a method of the environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool for the evaluation of environmental burden of selected products. The assessment of the life cycle of individual products should be carried out while considering emissions released during production, use and disposal of products and during processes of raw material extraction, production of materials and energy, auxiliary processes or sub-processes.    

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

Investigation of the domain structure and hierarchy in potassium–sodium niobate lead-free piezoelectric single crystals

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (54) ◽  
pp. 49060-49067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micka Bah ◽  
Natalya Alyabyeva ◽  
Richard Retoux ◽  
Fabien Giovannelli ◽  
Mustapha Zaghrioui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Sodium Niobate ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Self Organized

We reported self-organized and hierarchized domain structures on various length scales ranging from micrometer to nanometer scale in K0.5Na0.5NbO3 crystals.

scholarly journals Methodology for the quantification of concrete sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Teplý ◽  
Tomáš Vymazal ◽  
Pavla Rovnaníková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sustainability Management

Efficient sustainability management requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified, measured or compared. These tools can be used as a powerful marketing aid and as support for the transition to “circular economy”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures are also used, aside from other approaches. LCA is a method that evaluates the life cycle of a structure from the point of view of its impact on the environment. Consideration is given also to energy and raw material costs, as well as to environmental impact throughout the life cycle - e.g. due to emissions. The paper focuses on the quantification of sustainability connected with the use of various types of concrete with regard to their resistance to degradation. Sustainability coefficients are determined using information regarding service life and "eco-costs". The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making in the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider perspective, i.e. not only with regard to load-bearing capacity or durability.

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