Fluid shear stress combined with shear stress spatial gradients regulates vascular endothelial morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yoshino ◽  
Naoya Sakamoto ◽  
Masaaki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
The Relationship

The magnitude of the relationship between shear stress (SS) and SS gradient plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell (EC) polarity and the resulting morphological changes in ECs in response to fluid flow.

scholarly journals Turbulent fluid shear stress induces vascular endothelial cell turnover in vitro.

1986 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Davies ◽  
A. Remuzzi ◽  
E. J. Gordon ◽  
C. F. Dewey ◽  
M. A. Gimbrone
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Turbulent Fluid

The Dynamic Response of Vascular Endothelial Cells to Fluid Shear Stress

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Dewey ◽  
S. R. Bussolari ◽  
M. A. Gimbrone ◽  
P. F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Cell Functions

We have developed an in-vitro system for studying the dynamic response of vascular endothelial cells to controlled levels of fluid shear stress. Cultured monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells are placed in a cone-plate apparatus that produces a uniform fluid shear stress on replicate samples. Subconfluent endothelial cultures continuously exposed to 1–5 dynes/cm2 shear proliferate at a rate comparable to that of static cultures and reach the same saturation density (≃ 1.0–1.5 × 105 cells/cm2). When exposed to a laminar shear stress of 5–10 dynes/cm2, confluent monolayers undergo a time-dependent change in cell shape from polygonal to ellipsoidal and become uniformly oriented with flow. Regeneration of linear “wounds” in confluent monolayer appears to be influenced by the direction of the applied force. Preliminary studies indicate that certain endothelial cell functions, including fluid endocytosis, cytoskeletal assembly and nonthrombogenic surface properties, also are sensitive to shear stress. These observations suggest that fluid mechanical forces can directly influence endothelial cell structure and function. Modulation of endothelial behavior by fluid shear stresses may be relevant to normal vessel wall physiology, as well as the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.

Three Distinct Types of Morphological Responses of Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells to Physiological Levels of Fluid Shear Stress

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiaka Masuda ◽  
Keigi Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Flow Apparatus

Vascular endothelial cells are known to respond to fluid shear stress. To gain insights into the mechanism of flow response by these cells, various types of in vitro devices in which endothelial cells can be cultured under flowing culture medium have been designed. Using such a device, one can apply known levels of (usually laminar) fluid shear stress to cultured endothelial cells. We have made two types of devices: a viscometer-based cone-and-plate flow apparatus and a parallel plate chamber. The cone-and-plate apparatus is used to do biochemical analyses of flow effects on cells while the parallel plate chamber is used to observe dynamic behavior of endothelial cells under flow. We were able to maintain confluent endothelial cell cultures under flow for over a week in the parallel plate flow apparatus. Using this chamber and high resolution time-lapse video microscopy, we studied morphological changes of endothelial cells exposed to different levels of fluid shear stress. We found that endothelial cells in a confluent monolayer exhibited three types of fluid shear stress level-dependent morphological and motile responses within a narrow fluid shear stress range between 0.1–10 dyn/cm2. Endothelial cells cultured under no flow exhibited variable shapes and no preferred orientation of their long cell axes and showed a jiggling motion. When exposed to fluid shear stress levels of below 0.5 dyn/cm2, endothelial cell morphology and motility were not affected. However, when fluid shear stress levels were increased to 2–4 dyn/cm2, they became polygonal and showed increased random-walk activity. Fluid shear stress over 6 dyn/cm2 caused endothelial cells to initially become polygonal and increase their random-walk activity, but they soon became elongated and aligned in the direction of flow. As the cells elongated and aligned, they migrated in the direction of flow. The average velocity of this directed cell migration was less than that of cells moving randomly under the same flow condition at earlier times. These observations indicate that endothelial cells are able to detect and respond to a surprisingly small change in fluid shear stress. It is possible that endothelial cell physiology in vivo is also regulated by small changes in fluid shear stress and that a fluid shear stress change of a few dynes per cm2 within a certain region of an artery could trigger atherogenesis in that particular location.

scholarly journals cAMP‐signaling via EPAC1 mediates vascular endothelial cell adaptation to fluid‐shear stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rampersad ◽  
Fabien Hubert ◽  
Maria Umana ◽  
Silja Freitag ◽  
Nathalie Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Cell Adaptation

scholarly journals Lepasnya Sel Endotel Dan Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (Ve-Cadherin) Pada Huvecs Dengan Glukosa Tinggi Dan Fluid Shear Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Yoyon Arif ◽  
Erna Sulistiowati
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin

Sel endotel melapisi lumen pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan paparan langsung aliran darah dan timbul gaya hemodinamik shear stress. Vascular Endothelial (VE) Cadherin merupakan salah satu struktur penghubung antar sel yang berperan mencegah terlepasnya sel endotel dari membran dasar. Paparan glukosa tinggi menyebabkan stress oksidatif sehingga sel endotel mengalami apoptosis dan nekrosis dan terlepas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efek paparan glukosa tinggi dan fluid shear stress terhadap morfologi, struktur VE-Cadherin dan densitas sel endotel pada kultur sel endotel HUVECs (Human Vein Endothelial Cells Culture).Metode Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan  metode HUVECs yang dipapar d-glukosa 22 mM selama 7 hari. Shear stress dibangkitkan dengan alat cone and plate 10 dyne/cm2 selama 5, 8, 12 dan 15 menit. Pulasan VE-Cadherin dengan imunohistokimia. Data dianalisis dengan metode statistik. Signifikan pada p<0,05.Hasil Shear stress selama 15 menit menyebabkan perubahan bentuk sel endotel  menjadi lebih panjang dan inti sel lebih pipih. Paparan glukosa tinggi dan fluid shear stress menyebabkan penurunan skor VE-Cadherin dan densitas sel endotel secara signifikan Penurunan skor VE-Cadherin berpengaruh langsung terhadap penurunan densitas sel endotel.Kesimpulan. Paparan glukosa tinggi dan fluid shear stress menyebabkan kerusakan struktur VE-Cadherin sehingga terjadi peningkatan apoptosis dan nekrosis sel endotel.

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