Osteogenesis, vascularization and osseointegration of a bioactive multiphase macroporous scaffold in the treatment of large bone defects

We report a segmental radial bone defect model used to evaluate the osteogenesis, vascularization and osseointegration of a bioactive multiphase macroporous scaffold with nano-crystal surface microstructures that can release bioactive ions.

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3D printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect

10.1101/2020.12.08.415778 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Bouyer ◽

Charlotte Garot ◽

Paul Machillot ◽

Julien Vollaire ◽

Vincent Fitzpatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Dose Dependence ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

3D Printed ◽

Bone Autograft ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

Abstractthe reconstruction of large bone defects (12 cm3) remains a challenge for clinicians. We developed a new critical-size mandibular bone defect model on a mini-pig, close to human clinical issues. We analyzed the bone reconstruction obtained by a 3D printed scaffold made of clinical-grade PLA, coated with a polyelectrolyte film delivering an osteogenic bioactive molecule (BMP-2). We compared the results (CT-scan, μCT, histology) to the gold standard solution, bone autograft. We demonstrated that the dose of BMP-2 delivered from the scaffold significantly influenced the amount of regenerated bone and the repair kinetics, with a clear BMP-2 dose-dependence. Bone was homogeneously formed inside the scaffold without ectopic bone formation. The bone repair was as good as for the bone autograft. The BMP-2 doses applied in our study were reduced 20 to 75-fold compared to the commercial collagen sponges used in the current clinical applications, without any adverse effects. 3D printed PLA scaffolds loaded with reduced doses of BMP-2 can be a safe and simple solution for large bone defects faced in the clinic.

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Femoral bone defect healing using two novel biocompatible degradable materials

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb202089020163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 163-169

Author(s):

Robert Srnec ◽

Andrea Nečasová ◽

Pavel Proks ◽

Miša Škorič ◽

Zita Filipejová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Plate Osteosynthesis ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Femoral Diaphysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Histological Assessment ◽

Bone Defect Healing ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

This study was conducted as an in vivo experiment in adult miniature pigs with the aim to test two new biomaterials. An iatrogenic defect was made into the central femoral diaphysis in the experimental animals and subsequently fixated by bridging plate osteosynthesis. Into the defect we implanted a cancellous autograft (control group), a pasty injectable scaffold (EXP A), and a porous 3D cylinder (EXP B). Radiological examination was performed in all animals at 0, 10, 20, 30 weeks after surgical procedure and histological assessment was performed. In the newly formed bone the osteoblastic activity was monitored. In terms of radiology, the most effective method was observed in the control group (completely healed 100%) compared to experimental groups EXP A (70.0%) and EXP B (62.5%). Histological assessment showed a higher cell count in the place of bone defect in the control group compared to experimental groups. Between the experimental groups, a higher count of bone marrow cells was found in group EXP B. Both newly developed biomaterials seem to be suitable as replacements for large bone defects, having good workability and applicability. However, compared to the control group treated with a cancellous autograft, the newly formed bone did not reach the same number of cells settling in and in some cases, full radiological healing was not reached. Nevertheless, the material was found to be grown into the original bone in all cases within the experimental groups. The new biomaterials have a great potential as a substitute in the treatment of large bone defects.

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Poly(POG)n loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 accelerates new bone formation in a critical-sized bone defect mouse model

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-020-01977-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryo Tazawa ◽

Kentaro Uchida ◽

Hiroaki Minehara ◽

Terumasa Matsuura ◽

Tadashi Kawamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

Abstract Background Delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via animal-derived absorbable collagen materials is used for the treatment of large bone defects. However, the administration of bovine proteins to humans is associated with the risk of zoonotic complications. We therefore examined the effect of combining BMP-2 with collagen-like peptides, poly(POG)n, in a critical-sized bone defect mouse model. Methods A 2-mm critical-sized bone defect was created in the femur of 9-week-old male C57/BL6J mice. Mice were randomly allocated into one of four treatment groups (n = 6 each): control (no treatment), poly(POG)n only, 0.2 μg, or 2.0 μg BMP-2 with poly(POG)n. New bone formation was monitored using soft X-ray radiographs, and bone formation at the bone defect site was examined using micro-computed tomography and histological examination at 4 weeks after surgery. Results Administration of 2.0 μg of BMP-2 with poly(POG)n promoted new bone formation and resulted in greater bone volume and bone mineral content than that observed in the control group and successfully achieved consolidation. In contrast, bone formation in all other groups was scarce. Conclusions Our findings suggest the potential of BMP-2 with poly(POG)n as a material, free from animal-derived collagen, for the treatment of large bone defects.

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Fabrication of piezoelectric porous BaTiO3 scaffold to repair large segmental bone defect in sheep

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328220942906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4-5) ◽

pp. 544-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenwen Liu ◽

Di Yang ◽

Xinghui Wei ◽

Shuo Guo ◽

Ning Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Segmental Bone Defect ◽

Segmental Bone ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

Porous titanium scaffolds can provide sufficient mechanical support and bone growth space for large segmental bone defect repair. However, they fail to restore the physiological environment of bone tissue. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is considered a smart material that can produce an electric field in response to dynamic force. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), as a kind of micromechanical wave, can not only promote bone repair but also induce BaTiO3 to generate an electric field. In our studies, BaTiO3 was coated on porous Ti6Al4V and LIPUS was externally applied to observe the influence of the piezoelectric effect on the repair of large bone defects in vitro and in vivo. The results show that the piezoelectric effect can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro as well as bone formation and growth into implants in vivo. This study provides an optional alternative to the conventional porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with enhanced osteogenesis and osseointegration for the repair of large bone defects.

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Strategies for large bone defect reconstruction after trauma, infections or tumour excision: a comprehensive review of the literature

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-021-00593-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Filippo Migliorini ◽

Gerardo La Padula ◽

Ernesto Torsiello ◽

Filippo Spiezia ◽

Francesco Oliva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Large Bone Defect ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Membrane Technique ◽

Induced Membrane Technique ◽

Immunological Rejection ◽

Reconstruction Of Bone Defects ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

AbstractLarge bone defects resulting from musculoskeletal tumours, infections, or trauma are often unable to heal spontaneously. The challenge for surgeons is to avoid amputation, and provide the best functional outcomes. Allograft, vascularized fibular or iliac graft, hybrid graft, extracorporeal devitalized autograft, distraction osteogenesis, induced-membrane technique, and segmental prostheses are the most common surgical strategies to manage large bone defects. Given its optimal osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and histocompatibility properties, along with the lower the risk of immunological rejection, autologous graft represents the most common used strategy for reconstruction of bone defects. However, the choice of the best surgical technique is still debated, and no consensus has been reached. The present study investigated the current reconstructive strategies for large bone defect after trauma, infections, or tumour excision, discussed advantages and disadvantages of each technique, debated available techniques and materials, and evaluated complications and new perspectives.

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Use of Adipose Derived Stem Cells to Treat Large Bone Defects. Addendum

10.21236/ada586568 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara D. Boyan ◽

Robert E. Gulderg

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

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Factors related to large bone defects of bipolar lesions and a high number of instability episodes with anterior glenohumeral instability

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02395-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noboru Matsumura ◽

Kazuya Kaneda ◽

Satoshi Oki ◽

Hiroo Kimura ◽

Taku Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humeral Head ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Symptom Duration ◽

Glenohumeral Instability ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

Abstract Background Significant bone defects are associated with poor clinical results after surgical stabilization in cases of glenohumeral instability. Although multiple factors are thought to adversely affect enlargement of bipolar bone loss and increased shoulder instability, these factors have not been sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to greater bone defects and a higher number of instability episodes in patients with glenohumeral instability. Methods A total of 120 consecutive patients with symptomatic unilateral instability of the glenohumeral joint were retrospectively reviewed. Three-dimensional surface-rendered/registered models of bilateral glenoids and proximal humeri from computed tomography data were matched by software, and the volumes of bone defects identified in the glenoid and humeral head were assessed. After relationships between objective variables and explanatory variables were evaluated using bivariate analyses, factors related to large bone defects in the glenoid and humeral head and a high number of total instability episodes and self-irreducible dislocations greater than the respective 75th percentiles were evaluated using logistic regression analyses with significant variables on bivariate analyses. Results Larger humeral head defects (P < .001) and a higher number of total instability episodes (P = .032) were found to be factors related to large glenoid defects. On the other hand, male sex (P = .014), larger glenoid defects (P = .015), and larger number of self-irreducible dislocations (P = .027) were related to large humeral head bone defects. An increased number of total instability episodes was related to longer symptom duration (P = .001) and larger glenoid defects (P = .002), and an increased number of self-irreducible dislocations was related to larger humeral head defects (P = .007). Conclusions Whereas this study showed that bipolar lesions affect the amount of bone defects reciprocally, factors related to greater bone defects differed between the glenoid and the humeral head. Glenoid defects were related to the number of total instability episodes, whereas humeral head defects were related to the number of self-irreducible dislocations.

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Vascularization of Nanohydroxyapatite/Collagen/Poly(L-lactic acid) Composites by Implanting Intramuscularly In Vivo

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2014/153453 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hai Wang ◽

Xiao Chang ◽

Guixing Qiu ◽

Fuzhai Cui ◽

Xisheng Weng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Large Defect ◽

Natural Bone ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

It still remains a major challenge to repair large bone defects in the orthopaedic surgery. In previous studies, a nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) (nHAC/PLA) composite, similar to natural bone in both composition and structure, has been prepared. It could repair small sized bone defects, but they were restricted to repair a large defect due to the lack of oxygen and nutrition supply for cell survival without vascularization. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nHAC/PLA composites could be vascularized in vivo. Composites were implanted intramuscularly in the groins of rabbits for 2, 6, or 10 weeks (n=5×3). After removing, the macroscopic results showed that there were lots of rich blood supply tissues embracing the composites, and the volumes of tissue were increasing as time goes on. In microscopic views, blood vessels and vascular sprouts could be observed, and microvessel density (MVD) of the composites trended to increase over time. It suggested that nHAC/PLA composites could be well vascularized by implanting in vivo. In the future, it would be possible to generate vascular pedicle bone substitutes with nHAC/PLA composites for grafting.

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