A photoenhanced oxidation of amino acids and the cross-linking of lysozyme mediated by tetrazolium salts

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 3761-3770
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhao ◽  
Ruixue Zhu ◽  
Xiting Zhang ◽  
Bowu Zhang ◽  
Yancheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Tetrazolium Salts ◽  
The Cross

Mechanisms of UV light-enabled strong oxidizing capacity of tetrazolium salts and their oxidization towards proteins were first elucidated.

scholarly journals Cross-Linking Strategies for Fluorine-Containing Polymer Coatings for Durable Resistant Water- and Oil-Repellency

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Julia Kredel ◽  
Deborah Schmitt ◽  
Jan-Lukas Schäfer ◽  
Markus Biesalski ◽  
Markus Gallei
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
The Cross

Functional coatings for application on surfaces are of growing interest. Especially in the textile industry, durable water and oil repellent finishes are of special demand for implementation in the outdoor sector, but also as safety-protection clothes against oil or chemicals. Such oil and chemical repellent textiles can be achieved by coating surfaces with fluoropolymers. As many concerns exist regarding (per)fluorinated polymers due to their high persistence and accumulation capacity in the environment, a durable and resistant coating is essential also during the washing processes of textiles. Within the present study, different strategies are examined for a durable resistant cross-linking of a novel fluoropolymer on the surface of fibers. The monomer 2-((1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoropropoxy)ethyl)thio)ethyl acrylate, whose fluorinated side-chain is degradable by treatment with ozone, was used for this purpose. The polymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization in emulsion, and different amounts of cross-linking reagents were copolymerized. The final polymer dispersions were applied to cellulose fibers and the cross-linking was induced thermally or by irradiation with UV-light. In order to investigate the cross-linking efficiency, tensile elongation studies were carried out. In addition, multiple washing processes of the fibers were performed and the polymer loss during washing, as well as the effects on oil and water repellency were investigated. The cross-linking strategy paves the way to a durable fluoropolymer-based functional coating and the polymers are expected to provide a promising and sustainable alternative to functional coatings.

scholarly journals Chemical compositions of elastins isolated from aortas and pulmonary tissues of humans of different ages

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John ◽  
J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

1. Elastins were isolated from the visceral pleuras and parenchymas of lungs of humans of different ages. 2. The elastin content of pleuras increased whereas that of parenchymas remained constant with increasing age. 3. The amino acid compositions and carbohydrate contents of elastins isolated from both pulmonary tissues changed in the same way with increasing age of the subjects. These changes were similar to those observed in elastins isolated from the aorta. 4. Similar glycoproteins were isolated from pleuras and aortas, and were more difficult to extract from the elastins of older subjects. Contamination with these glycoproteins was responsible for the changes in composition of elastin, as the age of the tissue from which it was extracted increased. 5. The amount of the cross-linking amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine was lower in elastins isolated from both aorta and pulmonary tissues of senile subjects than those from younger subjects.

scholarly journals Desmosine and isodesmosine contents and elastase activity in normal and cirrhotic rat liver

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Velebný ◽  
E Kasafírek ◽  
J Kanta
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Elastase Activity ◽  
The Cross

The contents of desmosine and isodesmosine, the cross-linking amino acids of elastin, were increased 4-fold in rat liver with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, which suggests that insoluble elastin accumulates in cirrhosis. Elastase activity in the cirrhotic liver, as determined with 3-carboxypropionyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine p-nitroanilide, was 17% less than in the normal liver; no change was found when Congo Red-elastin was used as a substrate.

Separation of the cross-linking amino acids of elastin on thin-layer plates

1984 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Keller ◽  
Anjan K. Ghosh ◽  
Ajit K. Ghosh ◽  
Gerard M. Turino ◽  
Ines Mandl
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Photochemical cross-linking of cap binding proteins to eucaryotic mRNAs: effect of mRNA 5' secondary structure.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 3222-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pelletier ◽  
N Sonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
The Cross

We used UV light-induced cross-linking to study the interactions of cap binding proteins with the 5' cap structure of eucaryotic mRNAs. Thymidine kinase gene (herpes simplex virus type 1) transcripts prepared in vitro using the SP6 RNA polymerase transcription system were capped and methylated posttranscriptionally with [alpha-32P]GTP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield cap-labeled transcripts. Irradiation of capped transcripts with crude rabbit reticulocyte initiation factors in the presence of ATP-Mg2+ resulted in the cap-specific cross-linking of two polypeptides with molecular masses of 24 and 80 kilodaltons (kDa). The cross-linking characteristics of these polypeptides resemble those of the cap-binding proteins previously detected by a chemical cross-linking assay (N. Sonenberg, D. Guertin, D. Cleveland, and H. Trachsel, Cell 27:563-572, 1981). However, the relative efficiency of the cross-linking of these two polypeptides to the cap structure was different from that in previous studies, and there was no detectable cross-linking of the previously described 50-kDa polypeptide. In addition, we present data indicating that the insertion of secondary structure into the 5' noncoding region of tk mRNA, 6 nucleotides from the cap structure, decreases the cap-specific cross-linking of the 80-kDa but not the 24-kDa polypeptide. In contrast, the insertion of secondary structure 37 nucleotides from the cap structure had no significant effect on the cross-linking of either the 24- or the 80-kDa cap-specific polypeptide. These results demonstrate that the position of mRNA 5'-proximal secondary structure relative to the cap structure can influence the cap-specific interaction between the mRNA and a translation initiation factor.

scholarly journals Specific cross-linking of the proline isomerase cyclophilin to a non-proline-containing peptide.

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McNew ◽  
K Sykes ◽  
J M Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Candida Boidinii ◽  
Affinity Ligand ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Targeting Peptide ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

A peptide corresponding to an efficient peroxisomal targeting sequence, the carboxy terminal 12 amino acids of PMP20 from Candida boidinii, was employed as an affinity ligand to search for a peroxisomal targeting receptor. Two proteins from yeast extracts with apparent molecular masses of 20 and 80 kDa were detected by chemical cross-linking to radioiodinated peptide. Both proteins were present in cytosolic supernatants. The 20-kDa species did not cross-link to a control peptide with reversed sequence, whereas the 80-kDa protein cross-linked to both peptides. The cross-linking assay was used to purify the 20-kDa protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Partial protein sequencing identified this protein as cyclophilin, the product of the CYP1 gene. This protein, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, is the yeast homologue of the protein that mediates the immunosuppressant effects of the drug cyclosporin A (CsA). Cross-linking of peptide to cyclophilin was inhibited by CsA. The cross-linking of cyclophilin to the PMP20-derived peptide was unanticipated because the peptide contains no prolines. The CYP1-encoded protein was not required to target proteins to peroxisomes because this organelle appeared to be assembled normally in a CYP1-disrupted strain. Furthermore, the final three amino acids of the peptide, which are critical for peroxisomal sorting, were not required for cross-linking to cyclophilin. We conclude that either cyclophilin is playing a nonessential facilitating role in peroxisomal targeting or that the interaction of the targeting peptide to cyclophilin is mimicking an interaction with an unidentified substrate or effector of cyclophilin.

Photochemical cross-linking of cap binding proteins to eucaryotic mRNAs: effect of mRNA 5' secondary structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 3222-3230
Author(s):  
J Pelletier ◽  
N Sonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
The Cross

We used UV light-induced cross-linking to study the interactions of cap binding proteins with the 5' cap structure of eucaryotic mRNAs. Thymidine kinase gene (herpes simplex virus type 1) transcripts prepared in vitro using the SP6 RNA polymerase transcription system were capped and methylated posttranscriptionally with [alpha-32P]GTP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield cap-labeled transcripts. Irradiation of capped transcripts with crude rabbit reticulocyte initiation factors in the presence of ATP-Mg2+ resulted in the cap-specific cross-linking of two polypeptides with molecular masses of 24 and 80 kilodaltons (kDa). The cross-linking characteristics of these polypeptides resemble those of the cap-binding proteins previously detected by a chemical cross-linking assay (N. Sonenberg, D. Guertin, D. Cleveland, and H. Trachsel, Cell 27:563-572, 1981). However, the relative efficiency of the cross-linking of these two polypeptides to the cap structure was different from that in previous studies, and there was no detectable cross-linking of the previously described 50-kDa polypeptide. In addition, we present data indicating that the insertion of secondary structure into the 5' noncoding region of tk mRNA, 6 nucleotides from the cap structure, decreases the cap-specific cross-linking of the 80-kDa but not the 24-kDa polypeptide. In contrast, the insertion of secondary structure 37 nucleotides from the cap structure had no significant effect on the cross-linking of either the 24- or the 80-kDa cap-specific polypeptide. These results demonstrate that the position of mRNA 5'-proximal secondary structure relative to the cap structure can influence the cap-specific interaction between the mRNA and a translation initiation factor.

The metabolism of the aromatic amino acids concerned in the cross-linking of insect cuticle

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C.J. Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
The Cross
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