Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles can contain light-absorbing
organic compounds, also referred to as brown carbon (BrC). The ocean surface
and sea spray aerosol particles can also contain light-absorbing organic species
referred to as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Many BrC and
CDOM species can contain carbonyls, dicarbonyls or aromatic carbonyls such
as imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC), which may act as photosensitizers
because they form triplet excited states upon UV–VIS light absorption. These
triplet excited states are strong oxidants and may initiate catalytic
radical reaction cycles within and at the surface of atmospheric aerosol
particles, thereby increasing the production of condensed-phase reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Triplet states or ROS can also react with halides,
generating halogen radicals and molecular halogen compounds. In particular,
molecular halogens can be released into the gas phase, which is one
halogen activation pathway. In this work, we studied the influence of bromide and
iodide on the photosensitized production and release of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) upon UV irradiation of films in a coated wall flow tube (CWFT) containing IC in a matrix of citric acid (CA) irradiated with UV light. In addition, we measured the iodine release upon irradiation of IC ∕ CA films in the CWFT. We developed a kinetic model coupling photosensitized CA oxidation with condensed-phase halogen chemistry to support data analysis and assessment of atmospheric implications in terms of HO2 production and halogen release in sea spray particles. As indicated by the experimental results and confirmed by the model, significant recycling of halogen species occurred via scavenging reactions with HO2. These prevented the full and immediate release of the molecular halogen (bromine and iodine) produced. Recycling was stronger at low relative humidity, attributed to diffusion limitations. Our findings also show that the HO2 production from BrC or CDOM photosensitized reactions can increase due to the presence of halides, leading to high HO2 turnover, in spite of low release due to the scavenging reactions. We estimated the iodine production within sea salt aerosol particles due to iodide oxidation by ozone (O3) at 5.0×10-6 M s−1 assuming O3 was in Henry's law equilibrium with the particle. However, using an O3 diffusion coefficient of 1×10-12 cm2 s−1, iodine activation in an aged, organic-rich sea spray is estimated to be 5.5×10-8 M s−1. The estimated iodine production from BrC photochemistry based on the results reported here amounts to 4.1×10-7 M s−1 and indicates that BrC photochemistry can exceed O3 reactive uptake in controlling the rates of iodine activation from sea spray particles under dry or cold conditions
where diffusion is slow within particles.
Multicomponent diffusion in atmospheric aerosol particles
