Insights into Phosphatase-activated Chemical Defense in a Marine Sponge Holobiont

Recently, the bioactive properties of marine collagen and marine collagen hydrolysates have been demonstrated. Although there is some literature assessing the general chemical features and biocompatibility of collagen extracts from marine sponges, no data are available on the biological effects of sponge collagen hydrolysates for biomedical and/or cosmetic purposes. Here, we studied the in vitro toxicity, antioxidant, wound-healing, and photoprotective properties of four HPLC-purified fractions of trypsin-digested collagen extracts—marine collagen hydrolysates (MCHs)—from the marine sponge C. reniformis. The results showed that the four MCHs have no degree of toxicity on the cell lines analyzed; conversely, they were able to stimulate cell growth. They showed a significant antioxidant activity both in cell-free assays as well as in H2O2 or quartz-stimulated macrophages, going from 23% to 60% of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity for the four MCHs. Finally, an in vitro wound-healing test was performed with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and the survival of both cells was evaluated after UV radiation. In both experiments, MCHs showed significant results, increasing the proliferation speed and protecting from UV-induced cell death. Overall, these data open the way to the use of C. reniformis MCHs in drug and cosmetic formulations for damaged or photoaged skin repair.

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Metagenomic exploration of the marine sponge mycale hentscheli uncovers multiple polyketide-producing bacterial symbionts

10.26686/wgtn.12444086 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mathew Storey ◽

SK Andreassend ◽

Joe Bracegirdle ◽

Alistair Brown ◽

Robert Keyzers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Defensive Symbiosis ◽

Long Read ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Mycale Hentscheli

© 2020 Storey et al. Marine sponges have been a prolific source of unique bioactive compounds that are presumed to act as a deterrent to predation. Many of these compounds have potential therapeutic applications; however, the lack of efficient and sustainable synthetic routes frequently limits clinical development. Here, we describe a metag-enomic investigation of Mycale hentscheli, a chemically gifted marine sponge that pos-sesses multiple distinct chemotypes. We applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing, hybrid assembly of short-and long-read data, and metagenomic binning to obtain a comprehensive picture of the microbiome of five specimens, spanning three chemo-types. Our data revealed multiple producing species, each having relatively modest secondary metabolomes, that contribute collectively to the chemical arsenal of the holo-biont. We assembled complete genomes for multiple new genera, including two species that produce the cytotoxic polyketides pateamine and mycalamide, as well as a third high-abundance symbiont harboring a proteusin-type biosynthetic pathway that appears to encode a new polytheonamide-like compound. We also identified an additional 188 biosynthetic gene clusters, including a pathway for biosynthesis of peloruside. These re-sults suggest that multiple species cooperatively contribute to defensive symbiosis in M. hentscheli and reveal that the taxonomic diversity of secondary-metabolite-producing sponge symbionts is larger and richer than previously recognized. IMPORTANCE Mycale hentscheli is a marine sponge that is rich in bioactive small mol-ecules. Here, we use direct metagenomic sequencing to elucidate highly complete and contiguous genomes for the major symbiotic bacteria of this sponge. We identify complete biosynthetic pathways for the three potent cytotoxic polyketides which have previously been isolated from M. hentscheli. Remarkably, and in contrast to previous studies of marine sponges, we attribute each of these metabolites to a different producing mi-crobe. We also find that the microbiome of M. hentscheli is stably maintained among in-dividuals, even over long periods of time. Collectively, our data suggest a cooperative mode of defensive symbiosis in which multiple symbiotic bacterial species cooperatively contribute to the defensive chemical arsenal of the holobiont.

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Identification of Cytotoxicity of Marine Sponge Dendrilla Membranosa Against L929 Cell Line

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst1841092 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Joicy Abraham ◽

Mahija S. P ◽

Jency George ◽

Manjusha W. A

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Octanoic Acid ◽

L929 Cell ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Test Material ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Sponge Extract ◽

L929 Cell Line

Marine sponges are rich sources of pharmacological active compound. Marine sponge, Dendrilla membranosa was collected from the Vizhingam coast. The sponge extract was tested against eight human bacterial pathogens. The bioactive compounds present in marine sponge were determined by GC-MS analysis. The cytotoxic effect of the sponge was evaluated by using MTT assay. The extracts showed potent anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens. The bioactive compound present in marine sponge was identified by GC-MS analysis and the compounds are ethane, butane, formate pentane, Alpha d-galactopyranoside, 2-Ethylhexyl2-ethylhexanoate, Hexahydro hexitol, Styrene, Alpha-d glucopyranoside 1-pentyl-2-proppyl-1-octene, nonadecane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis-2, Octanoic acid. The test material showed none cytotoxic response to fibroblasts cells. The results of present investigation revealed that, Dendrilla membranosa is a potential source of novel anticancer and antibacterial leads.

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Allos-hemicalyculin A, a photochemically converted calyculin from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx

Tetrahedron Letters ◽

10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.130 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 114-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miki Kimura ◽

Toshiyuki Wakimoto ◽

Ikuro Abe

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Discodermia Calyx

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The Constituents of Marine Sponges. V. The Isolation From Chelonaplysilla violacea (Dendroceratida) of Aplyviolene and Other Diterpenes, and the Determination of the Crystal Structure of Aplyviolene

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9901861 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 1861 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

TW Hambley ◽

A Poiner ◽

WC Taylor

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Orthorhombic Space Group ◽

Space Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Deep Violet

From the deep violet, encrusting marine sponge Chelonaplysilla violacea, two rearranged spongian diterpenes, aplyviolene, (1R*,1′S*,3?aR*,5R*,6R*,8R*,8′aS*)-3-oxo-8-(1′,4′,4′-trimethyl-8′-methylenedecahydroazulen-1′-yl)-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl acetate (1), the acetoxy derivative, aplyviolacene (2), (5R*,8S*,9S*,10R*,13S*,14R* ,15S*,16R*)-spongian-15,16-diyl diacetate (3) and (5R*,8S*,9S*,10R*,13S*,14R*)-spongian-16-one (4) were isolated. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, and the structure of aplyviolene was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray determination. The crystal structure was refined to a residual of 0.036 for 1125 independent observed reflections. The crystals were orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a 8.098(1), b 11.628(1), c 21.774(3)Ǻ.

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Multi-Omic Profiling of Melophlus Sponges Reveals Diverse Metabolomic and Microbiome Architectures that Are Non-overlapping with Ecological Neighbors

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18020124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ipsita Mohanty ◽

Sheila Podell ◽

Jason S. Biggs ◽

Neha Garg ◽

Eric E. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Natural Products ◽

Candidate Gene ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Quantitative Comparison ◽

Filter Feeding ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Ecological Relevance

Marine sponge holobionts, defined as filter-feeding sponge hosts together with their associated microbiomes, are prolific sources of natural products. The inventory of natural products that have been isolated from marine sponges is extensive. Here, using untargeted mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that sponges harbor a far greater diversity of low-abundance natural products that have evaded discovery. While these low-abundance natural products may not be feasible to isolate, insights into their chemical structures can be gleaned by careful curation of mass fragmentation spectra. Sponges are also some of the most complex, multi-organismal holobiont communities in the oceans. We overlay sponge metabolomes with their microbiome structures and detailed metagenomic characterization to discover candidate gene clusters that encode production of sponge-derived natural products. The multi-omic profiling strategy for sponges that we describe here enables quantitative comparison of sponge metabolomes and microbiomes to address, among other questions, the ecological relevance of sponge natural products and for the phylochemical assignment of previously undescribed sponge identities.

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Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia: A Reservoir of Bioactive Molecules to Slow Down the Aging Process

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1262

Author(s):

Charifat Said Hassane ◽

Mireille Fouillaud ◽

Géraldine Le Goff ◽

Aimilia D. Sklirou ◽

Jean Bernard Boyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Aging Research ◽

Fyn Kinase ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Metabolites Production ◽

Future Work

Aging research aims at developing interventions that delay normal aging processes and some related pathologies. Recently, many compounds and extracts from natural products have been shown to delay aging and/or extend lifespan. Marine sponges and their associated microorganisms have been found to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites; however, those from the Southwest of the Indian Ocean are much less studied, especially regarding anti-aging activities. In this study, the microbial diversity of the marine sponge Scopalina hapalia was investigated by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-six bacterial and two archaeal phyla were recovered from the sponge, of which the Proteobacteria phylum was the most abundant. In addition, thirty isolates from S. hapalia were selected and cultivated for identification and secondary metabolites production. The selected isolates were affiliated to the genera Bacillus, Micromonospora, Rhodoccocus, Salinispora, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Nigrospora and unidentified genera related to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Crude extracts from selected microbial cultures were found to be active against seven targets i.e., elastase, tyrosinase, catalase, sirtuin 1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Fyn kinase and proteasome. These results highlight the potential of microorganisms associated with a marine sponge from Mayotte to produce anti-aging compounds. Future work will focus on the isolation and the characterization of bioactive molecules.

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Biological and Chemical Diversity of Marine Sponge-Derived Microorganisms over the Last Two Decades from 1998 to 2017

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 853 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mei-Mei Cheng ◽

Xu-Li Tang ◽

Yan-Ting Sun ◽

Dong-Yang Song ◽

Yu-Jing Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Natural Product ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽

The Relationship ◽

Product Chemistry

Marine sponges are well known as rich sources of biologically natural products. Growing evidence indicates that sponges harbor a wealth of microorganisms in their bodies, which are likely to be the true producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. In order to promote the study of natural product chemistry and explore the relationship between microorganisms and their sponge hosts, in this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the structures, sources, and activities of the 774 new marine natural products from sponge-derived microorganisms described over the last two decades from 1998 to 2017.

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Calyculins E, F, G, and H, additional inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a, from the marine sponge discodermia calyx

Tetrahedron ◽

10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96031-4 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 47 (18-19) ◽

pp. 2999-3006 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Shigeki Matsunaga ◽

Hirota Fujiki ◽

Daisuke Sakata ◽

Nobuhiro Fusetani

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Protein Phosphatases ◽

Discodermia Calyx

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