Identification of Cytotoxicity of Marine Sponge Dendrilla Membranosa Against L929 Cell Line

Marine sponges are rich sources of pharmacological active compound. Marine sponge, Dendrilla membranosa was collected from the Vizhingam coast. The sponge extract was tested against eight human bacterial pathogens. The bioactive compounds present in marine sponge were determined by GC-MS analysis. The cytotoxic effect of the sponge was evaluated by using MTT assay. The extracts showed potent anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens. The bioactive compound present in marine sponge was identified by GC-MS analysis and the compounds are ethane, butane, formate pentane, Alpha d-galactopyranoside, 2-Ethylhexyl2-ethylhexanoate, Hexahydro hexitol, Styrene, Alpha-d glucopyranoside 1-pentyl-2-proppyl-1-octene, nonadecane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis-2, Octanoic acid. The test material showed none cytotoxic response to fibroblasts cells. The results of present investigation revealed that, Dendrilla membranosa is a potential source of novel anticancer and antibacterial leads.

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Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Spons Laut Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.5.2.2017.18478 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tifany T. Korompis ◽

Christi D. Mambo ◽

Edward Nangoy

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Laboratory Study ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Sponge Extract

Abstract: Callyspongia sp. is a kind of marine sponges that produces secondary metabolites, such as steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids which can be used as antibacterial agents. This study was aimed to determine the inhibition activity of Callyspongia aerizusa marine sponge extract against the growth of Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This was an experimental laboratory study. Inhibition activity was tested by using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The inhibition zones formed by the marine sponge extract were measured. The results showed that the inhibition zones of marine sponge extract against Shigella bacteria was 6.1 mm and against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria was 6.6 mm. Conclusion: Callyspongia aerizusa extract had moderate inhibition activity against the growth of Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.Keywords: inhibition test, Callyspongia aerizusa, Shigella, Staphylococcus epidermidis Abstrak: Callyspongia sp. merupakan salah satu jenis spons laut yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder berupa steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya daya hambat dari ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik. Uji daya hambat dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi menggunakan sumuran untuk mengukur zona hambat yang terbentuk oleh ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk pada bakteri Shigella sebesar 6,1 mm dan pada bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis sebesar 6,6 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa memiliki daya hambat sedang terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.Kata kunci: uji daya hambat, Callyspongia aerizusa, Shigella, Staphylococcus epidermidis

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The Use Of Marine Sponge Crude Extract To Improve The Resistance Of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) To Streptococcus agalactiae Infections

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.7.2.2019.23723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Shifa A. Schram ◽

Reiny A. Tumbol ◽

Reni L. Kreckhoff

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Freshwater Aquaculture ◽

Sponge Extract

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of crude marine sponge extract on the resistance of streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and to establish the effective dose of crude sponge extract in improving the immune system and the growth of the fish. The sponge used in the study was Cribrochalina sp. taken from Malalayang waters, Manado. The fish were taken from Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Tatelu. The fish were acclimatized for a week. After being acclimatized the fish were given feed added with sponge crude extract as a treatment with different concentrations of 20 g, 40 g and 60 g / Kg of feed for 14 days as much as 5% / body weight / day with the frequency of feeding twice a day at 10:00 am and at 5:00 p.m. After being treated, the fish was challenged with S. agalactiae. The data collected consisted of tilapia resistance, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) as immune parameters and absolute growth. The results showed that the addition of crude extracts of Cribrochalina sp. into feed can increase TLC and growth of tilapia (p <0.05). The best results were achieved in fish fed with the addition of sponge crude extract of 40 g/kg feed. The survival rate of tilapia fed with treatment diet then challenged with pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae showed the best results (100% survival rate) compared to controls (75%). In conclusion, feeding with a crude extract of Cribrochalina sp. has the potential to increase the immune system and growth of tilapia.Keywords: Crude Extract, Marine Sponges, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistance, Streptococcus agalactiaeABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak kasar spons laut terhadap resistensi ikan nila dalam menghadapi serangan Streptococcus agalactiae, mengidentifikasi spons yang digunakan, serta mengukur pengaruh serta menetapkan dosis pemberian ekstrak kasar spons untuk meningkatkan sistem imun dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Spons yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah spons Cribrochalina sp. yang diambil dari perairan Malalayang. Ikan uji diambil dari Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Ikan diaklimatisasi selama seminggu. Setelah diaklimatisasi ikan diberi pakan yang ditambahkan dengan ekstrak kasar spons sebagai perlakuan dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 0 g, 20 g, 40 g dan 60 g/kg pakan selama 14 hari sebanyak 5%/berat tubuh/hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari yaitu jam 10.00 pagi dan jam 17.00 sore. Setelah diberi perlakuan, ikan diuji tantang dengan bakteri S. agalactiae. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari kelangsunganhidup ikan nila. Total leukosit sebagai parameter imun dan pertumbuhan mutlak. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. ke dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan total leukosit dan pertumbuhan ikan nila (p<0.05). Dimana hasil terbaik dicapai pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan ekstrak kasar spons sebanyak 40 g/kg pakan. Kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang diberi pakan perlakuan yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri patogen menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik (tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (75%). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. berpotensi untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan pertumbuhan pada ikan nila.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak kasar, Spons laut, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistensi, Streptococcus agalactiae

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Investigation of Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Indonesian Marine Sponges

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190627105237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 312-321

Author(s):

Idin Sahidin ◽

Carla W. Sabandar ◽

Wahyuni ◽

Rini Hamsidi ◽

Sandra Aulia Mardikasari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

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Cytotoxicity of an Experimental Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesive

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.294.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Kanin Nimcharoensuk ◽

Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽

Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽

Vanthana Sattabanasuk ◽

Panya Sunintaboon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

L929 Cell ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Other ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Monomer Ratio ◽

Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

L929 Cell Line

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of a domestically-made light-cured orthodontic adhesive to a commercial adhesive, Transbond XT (3M Unitek, USA). An in-house orthodontic adhesive composed of a filler 60-70 weight % and a monomer ratio (BisGMA:TEGDMA) of 6:4 with 0.5% of photoinitiator was mixed. The potential cytotoxic effect of this experimental and a control adhesive was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay according to ISO 10993-5: 2009(E). The L929 cell line was grown in 96-well tissue culture plates (1x105 cells/mm3). Thin cured-resin discs of each material weighing 0.4 gram were prepared and incubated for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 days in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at 37°C and 95% humidity with 5% CO2. The percentage of cell viability was reported by descriptive statistics. The result showed that the cell viability of the experimental adhesive was higher than Transbond XT in all measured periods. The cytotoxicity of both the adhesives gradually decreased with the progression of time. In conclusion, the in-house adhesive showed a good biocompatibility since the first day following polymerization. On the other hand, Transbond XT started with a cytotoxic potential, then, turned to be non-cytotoxic after 5 days of curing.

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Elicited ROS Scavenging Activity, Photoprotective, and Wound-Healing Properties of Collagen-Derived Peptides from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16120465 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marina Pozzolini ◽

Enrico Millo ◽

Caterina Oliveri ◽

Serena Mirata ◽

Annalisa Salis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

General Chemical ◽

Collagen Hydrolysates

Recently, the bioactive properties of marine collagen and marine collagen hydrolysates have been demonstrated. Although there is some literature assessing the general chemical features and biocompatibility of collagen extracts from marine sponges, no data are available on the biological effects of sponge collagen hydrolysates for biomedical and/or cosmetic purposes. Here, we studied the in vitro toxicity, antioxidant, wound-healing, and photoprotective properties of four HPLC-purified fractions of trypsin-digested collagen extracts—marine collagen hydrolysates (MCHs)—from the marine sponge C. reniformis. The results showed that the four MCHs have no degree of toxicity on the cell lines analyzed; conversely, they were able to stimulate cell growth. They showed a significant antioxidant activity both in cell-free assays as well as in H2O2 or quartz-stimulated macrophages, going from 23% to 60% of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity for the four MCHs. Finally, an in vitro wound-healing test was performed with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and the survival of both cells was evaluated after UV radiation. In both experiments, MCHs showed significant results, increasing the proliferation speed and protecting from UV-induced cell death. Overall, these data open the way to the use of C. reniformis MCHs in drug and cosmetic formulations for damaged or photoaged skin repair.

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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antiplasmodial Activities of Three Sponges from Buton Islands, Indonesia

ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.14710/ik.ijms.22.3.147-154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Masteria Yunovilsa Putra ◽

Tri Aryono Hadi

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Sponge Species ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Inhibition Zones

GC-MS analysis of the crude extracts of three different species of Indonesian marine sponges has been carried out for identification of bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis from Haliclona (Gellius) sp., Lamellodysidea herbacea, and Spheciospongia inconstans revealed the presence of 23, 21, 19 various compounds, respectively and mainly sterols and fatty acids. All the sponge species has been evaluated for antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay for antiplasmodial activity. In this study, all the sponge species showed antimicrobial activities against at leastone of the test strains. Among them, the extract of sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea displayed activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and the Gram-negative bacteria V. cholerae, with inhibition zones of 10.3, 9.2 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., showed significant activity against fungal pathogen C. albicans. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., displayed the ability to inhibit heme polymerization indicating an anti-Plasmodium function and also showed potent cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Keywords: GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial, sponges,bioactive

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Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Hydroxamic Alginate Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/4218270 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aline Margarete Furuyama Lima ◽

Marcelo de Freitas Lima ◽

Odílio Benedito Garrido Assis ◽

Alice Raabe ◽

Hemelen Caroline Amoroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concentration Level ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

L929 Cell ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

Amine Functionalized ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds ◽

Porous Nanocomposite ◽

L929 Cell Line

In this study, the preparation of porous nanocomposite scaffolds (HX-CNT) from a combination of a hydroxamic derivative of alginate (HX) and an amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) at different concentrations is described. The structure of HX was investigated by FTIR, and the degree of substitution around 9% was confirmed by elemental analysis. The interaction between CNT and alginate derivative in the nanocomposite crosslinked with calcium was confirmed by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. The results obtained in this study showed that scaffolds based on HX-CNT composites with a 4 wt% concentration level exhibited improved physical and mechanical properties compared to plain alginate (Young’s modulus increased from 2.2 to 5.1 MPa and elastic strength from 0.13 to 0.25 MPa) and decreased the swelling ratios from ~900 to ~673. The cytotoxicity assays using the L929 cell line proved that the nanocomposite scaffolds were nontoxic, even at the highest CNT concentration.

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Metagenomic exploration of the marine sponge mycale hentscheli uncovers multiple polyketide-producing bacterial symbionts

10.26686/wgtn.12444086 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mathew Storey ◽

SK Andreassend ◽

Joe Bracegirdle ◽

Alistair Brown ◽

Robert Keyzers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponge ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Defensive Symbiosis ◽

Long Read ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Mycale Hentscheli

© 2020 Storey et al. Marine sponges have been a prolific source of unique bioactive compounds that are presumed to act as a deterrent to predation. Many of these compounds have potential therapeutic applications; however, the lack of efficient and sustainable synthetic routes frequently limits clinical development. Here, we describe a metag-enomic investigation of Mycale hentscheli, a chemically gifted marine sponge that pos-sesses multiple distinct chemotypes. We applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing, hybrid assembly of short-and long-read data, and metagenomic binning to obtain a comprehensive picture of the microbiome of five specimens, spanning three chemo-types. Our data revealed multiple producing species, each having relatively modest secondary metabolomes, that contribute collectively to the chemical arsenal of the holo-biont. We assembled complete genomes for multiple new genera, including two species that produce the cytotoxic polyketides pateamine and mycalamide, as well as a third high-abundance symbiont harboring a proteusin-type biosynthetic pathway that appears to encode a new polytheonamide-like compound. We also identified an additional 188 biosynthetic gene clusters, including a pathway for biosynthesis of peloruside. These re-sults suggest that multiple species cooperatively contribute to defensive symbiosis in M. hentscheli and reveal that the taxonomic diversity of secondary-metabolite-producing sponge symbionts is larger and richer than previously recognized. IMPORTANCE Mycale hentscheli is a marine sponge that is rich in bioactive small mol-ecules. Here, we use direct metagenomic sequencing to elucidate highly complete and contiguous genomes for the major symbiotic bacteria of this sponge. We identify complete biosynthetic pathways for the three potent cytotoxic polyketides which have previously been isolated from M. hentscheli. Remarkably, and in contrast to previous studies of marine sponges, we attribute each of these metabolites to a different producing mi-crobe. We also find that the microbiome of M. hentscheli is stably maintained among in-dividuals, even over long periods of time. Collectively, our data suggest a cooperative mode of defensive symbiosis in which multiple symbiotic bacterial species cooperatively contribute to the defensive chemical arsenal of the holobiont.

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