scholarly journals Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McNab ◽  
Clarence L. Villemez ◽  
Peter Albersheim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A particulate cell-free enzyme system was prepared from Phaseolus aureus shoots. This preparation was able to incorporate [14C]galactose from UDP-[14C]galactose into a water-soluble polysaccharide, which has a probable molecular weight of at least 4600. The only labelled component detectable in the polymer was shown to be [14C]galactose; two labelled oligosaccharides containing only [14C]galactose were isolated by partial hydrolysis. The galactan-synthesizing activity of this particulate preparation is maximal at 30° and pH7·1 in the presence of 5·0mm-magnesium chloride and 0·2m-sucrose. Although 3-day-old seedlings were used as a source of enzyme, it appears that 4- or 5-day-old beans contain greater synthetase activity. The enzyme system has an apparent Michaelis constant of 5·8×10−6m, and will catalyse the polymerization of galactose residues at the rate of 7·5mμmoles/mg. of protein/min. at a substrate concentration of 9·6mm.

scholarly journals A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fruit Bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries) and Its Anti-Malarial Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Han Han ◽  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Weihua Ni ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A water-soluble polysaccharide (BIWS-4b) was purified from the fruit bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries). It is composed of mannose (27.2%), glucose (15.5%) and galactose (57.3%). Its molecular weight was estimated to be 7.4 kDa (polydispersity index, Mw/Mn: 1.35). Structural analyses indicated that BIWS-4b mainly contains (1→6)-linked, (1→5)-linked and (1→5,6)-linkedβ-Galfunits; (1→4)-linked and non-reducing terminalβ-Glcpunits; and (1→2)-linked, (1→6)-linked, (1→2,6)-linked and non-reducing terminalα-Manpunits. When examined by the 4-day method and in a prophylactic assay in mice, BIWS-4b exhibited markedly suppressive activity against malaria while enhancing the activity of artesunate. Immunological tests indicated that BIWS-4b significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and splenic lymphocyte proliferation in malaria-bearing mice and normal mice. The anti-malarial activity of BIWS-4b might be intermediated by enhancing immune competence and restoring artesunate-suppressed immune function. Thus, BIWS-4b is a potential adjuvant of anti-malaria drugs.

A Potent Insect Chitinase Inhibitor of Fungal Origin

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Nitoda ◽  
Hirokazu Usuki ◽  
Hiroshi Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Abstract A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, Sphaeropsis sp. TNPT116-Cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. It was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it contained glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and a deoxysugar. This polysaccharide showed potent and specific inhibitory activity against Spodoptera litura chitinase with an IC50 value of 28 nᴍ.

scholarly journals Influence of Partial Acid Hydrolysis on Size, Dispersity, Monosaccharide Composition, and Conformation of Linearly-Branched Water-Soluble Polysaccharides

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Cristina Lupo ◽  
Samy Boulos ◽  
Laura Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

The effect of partial acid hydrolysis on the physical and chemical properties of galactomannan, arabinoxylan, and xyloglucan was investigated. Polysaccharides were treated at 50 °C with hydrochloric acid for 3–48 h. Portions of isopropanol (i-PrOH) were added sequentially to the hydrolyzates, resulting in fractions that were collected by centrifugation. As expected, a significant reduction of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was observed with increasing hydrolysis time. Fractional precipitation was successfully applied to collect at least one polymer fraction with dispersity (Đ) close to one for each polysaccharide. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the partial hydrolysis usually lowered the relative amount of side chains, with the exception of galactomannan, where the composition remained largely unaffected. Estimation of the polymer conformation in solution, through evaluation of the Mark-Houwink parameter coefficient (α), confirmed that acid hydrolysis influenced the polysaccharides’ conformation. It was demonstrated that acid treatment in dilute solution followed by fractional isopropanol precipitation is a method, extendible to a variety of polysaccharides, to obtain materials of decreased molecular weight and low dispersity with slightly altered overall composition and conformation.

Low Molecular Weight Branched Polyethylenimine-Graft-Lentinan as a Novel Synthetic Gene Carrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Li Jing Min ◽  
Jing Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Migration ◽  
Branched Polyethylenimine ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

LMW Branched Polyethylenimine-graft-lentinan was synthesized by performing crosslinker CDI in the presence of water-soluble Polysaccharide (Mw 70,000) and polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw 600). The chemistry of the PEI-g-lentinan obtained were characterized. The results indicated that the amines of lentinan were grafted with PEI. Gel electrophoresis showed that DNA migration was retarded completely at a N/P ratio of 10/1, indicating good DNA condensation capability of PEI-g-lentinan. The cytotoxicity of PEI-g-lentinan was evaluated, and the results reflected that PEI-g-lentinan had a lower cytotoxicity than PEI (25 K). Gene transfection efficiency of PEI-g-chitosan in cos-7 cells was determined. Remarkably,PEI-g-lentinan showed a higher transfection efficiency than that of PEI (25 K) in vitro.

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Scleroglucan by Sclerotium rolfsii and Insights Into Molecular Weight Modification by High-Pressure Homogenization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhu Zeng ◽  
Junyi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Shan ◽  
Shiqin Yu ◽  
Jingwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Scleroglucan is a non-ionic water-soluble polysaccharide, and has been widely used in the petroleum, food, medicine and cosmetics industries. Currently, scleroglucan is mainly produced by Sclerotium rolfsii. A higher level of scleroglucan (42.0 g/L) was previously obtained with S. rolfsii WSH-G01. However, the production of scleroglucan was reduced despite a higher glucose concentration remaining. Additionally, the molecular weight of scleroglucan was large, thus restricted its application. In this study, by adjusting the state of seeds inoculated, the degradation issue of scleroglucan during the fermentation process was solved. By comparing different fed-batch strategies, 66.6 g/L of scleroglucan was harvested by a two-dose fed-batch mode, with 53.3% glucose conversion ratio. To modify the molecular weight of scleroglucan, a combination method with HCl and high-pressure homogenization treatment was established. Finally, scleroglucan with molecular weight of 4.61 × 105 Da was obtained. The developed approaches provide references for the biosynthesis and molecular weight modification of polysaccharides.

CONSTITUTION OF THE GALACTOMANNAN FROM THE KERNEL OF GREEN PALMYRA PALM NUT (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER LINN.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1408-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mukherjee ◽  
D. Choudhury ◽  
P. Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the kernel of green palmyra palm nut (Borassusflabellifer Linn.) was shown to be composed of D-galactose and D-mannose in the proportion of 1:2.4. Hydrolysis of the fully methylated galactomannan yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:1.4:0.95. Partial hydrolysis of the galactomannan afforded 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose, 6-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-D-mannose, and two trisaccharides. Based on these results a structural formula for the galactomannan has been proposed, additional evidence for which was adduced from periodate-oxidation studies.

scholarly journals The formation of a β-(1→4)-d-galactan chain catalysed by a Phaseolus aureus enzyme

1973 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Panayotatos ◽  
C. L. Villemez
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Labelling Pattern ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Trace Quantity ◽  
Sugar Nucleotide ◽  
Polysaccharide Chain ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

With a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls, UDP-α-d-[U-14C]galactose served as a precursor for a number of products. One of these products was characterized as a β-(1→4)-linked galactan. The ADP-, GDP-, TDP- and CDP- derivatives of α-d-galactose did not serve as biosynthetic precursors for any products insoluble in 70% ethanol, nor as substrates for a sugar nucleotide 4-epimerase which is present in the particulate enzyme preparation. The 14C-labelled β-(1→4)-galactan is alkali-insoluble and was characterized by analysis of partial acetolysis products. The labelling pattern of the [14C]oligosaccharides derived from acetolysis indicates that (1) only slightly more than two [14C]galactose moieties are added to the growing polysaccharide chain on average, and (2) these additions take place at the reducing end of the polysaccharide chain. The radioactive β-(1→4)-linked galactan chain represented 8.5% of the radioactivity initially added, and 20% of the water- and butanol-insoluble products derived from UDP-α-d-[14C]galactose. Total hydrolysis of the alkali-insoluble fraction of Phaseolus aureus hypocotyl yielded d-glucose and d-mannose in a 5:1 ratio but no detectable quantities of d-galactose. A trace quantity of a radioactive disaccharide, identified as (1→3)-linked galactobiose, was isolated from the partial acetolysate of the alkali-insoluble [14C]polysaccharide material. Also isolated from this partial acetolysate was a C-1 derivative of [14C]galactose, which could not be identified. An alkali-soluble galactose-containing polysaccharide was also synthesized in this enzymic reaction, and represented 20% of the water- and butanol-insoluble products derived from UDP-α-d-[14C]galactose. The spectrum of radioactive oligosaccharides produced by partial acetolysis of this alkali-soluble polysaccharide material was different from that obtained from the alkali-insoluble polysaccharide, indicating a different structure.

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