scholarly journals A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fruit Bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries) and Its Anti-Malarial Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Han Han ◽  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Weihua Ni ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A water-soluble polysaccharide (BIWS-4b) was purified from the fruit bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries). It is composed of mannose (27.2%), glucose (15.5%) and galactose (57.3%). Its molecular weight was estimated to be 7.4 kDa (polydispersity index, Mw/Mn: 1.35). Structural analyses indicated that BIWS-4b mainly contains (1→6)-linked, (1→5)-linked and (1→5,6)-linkedβ-Galfunits; (1→4)-linked and non-reducing terminalβ-Glcpunits; and (1→2)-linked, (1→6)-linked, (1→2,6)-linked and non-reducing terminalα-Manpunits. When examined by the 4-day method and in a prophylactic assay in mice, BIWS-4b exhibited markedly suppressive activity against malaria while enhancing the activity of artesunate. Immunological tests indicated that BIWS-4b significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and splenic lymphocyte proliferation in malaria-bearing mice and normal mice. The anti-malarial activity of BIWS-4b might be intermediated by enhancing immune competence and restoring artesunate-suppressed immune function. Thus, BIWS-4b is a potential adjuvant of anti-malaria drugs.

A Potent Insect Chitinase Inhibitor of Fungal Origin

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Nitoda ◽  
Hirokazu Usuki ◽  
Hiroshi Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Abstract A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, Sphaeropsis sp. TNPT116-Cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. It was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it contained glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and a deoxysugar. This polysaccharide showed potent and specific inhibitory activity against Spodoptera litura chitinase with an IC50 value of 28 nᴍ.

Low Molecular Weight Branched Polyethylenimine-Graft-Lentinan as a Novel Synthetic Gene Carrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Li Jing Min ◽  
Jing Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Migration ◽  
Branched Polyethylenimine ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

LMW Branched Polyethylenimine-graft-lentinan was synthesized by performing crosslinker CDI in the presence of water-soluble Polysaccharide (Mw 70,000) and polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw 600). The chemistry of the PEI-g-lentinan obtained were characterized. The results indicated that the amines of lentinan were grafted with PEI. Gel electrophoresis showed that DNA migration was retarded completely at a N/P ratio of 10/1, indicating good DNA condensation capability of PEI-g-lentinan. The cytotoxicity of PEI-g-lentinan was evaluated, and the results reflected that PEI-g-lentinan had a lower cytotoxicity than PEI (25 K). Gene transfection efficiency of PEI-g-chitosan in cos-7 cells was determined. Remarkably,PEI-g-lentinan showed a higher transfection efficiency than that of PEI (25 K) in vitro.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McNab ◽  
Clarence L. Villemez ◽  
Peter Albersheim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A particulate cell-free enzyme system was prepared from Phaseolus aureus shoots. This preparation was able to incorporate [14C]galactose from UDP-[14C]galactose into a water-soluble polysaccharide, which has a probable molecular weight of at least 4600. The only labelled component detectable in the polymer was shown to be [14C]galactose; two labelled oligosaccharides containing only [14C]galactose were isolated by partial hydrolysis. The galactan-synthesizing activity of this particulate preparation is maximal at 30° and pH7·1 in the presence of 5·0mm-magnesium chloride and 0·2m-sucrose. Although 3-day-old seedlings were used as a source of enzyme, it appears that 4- or 5-day-old beans contain greater synthetase activity. The enzyme system has an apparent Michaelis constant of 5·8×10−6m, and will catalyse the polymerization of galactose residues at the rate of 7·5mμmoles/mg. of protein/min. at a substrate concentration of 9·6mm.

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Scleroglucan by Sclerotium rolfsii and Insights Into Molecular Weight Modification by High-Pressure Homogenization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhu Zeng ◽  
Junyi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Shan ◽  
Shiqin Yu ◽  
Jingwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Scleroglucan is a non-ionic water-soluble polysaccharide, and has been widely used in the petroleum, food, medicine and cosmetics industries. Currently, scleroglucan is mainly produced by Sclerotium rolfsii. A higher level of scleroglucan (42.0 g/L) was previously obtained with S. rolfsii WSH-G01. However, the production of scleroglucan was reduced despite a higher glucose concentration remaining. Additionally, the molecular weight of scleroglucan was large, thus restricted its application. In this study, by adjusting the state of seeds inoculated, the degradation issue of scleroglucan during the fermentation process was solved. By comparing different fed-batch strategies, 66.6 g/L of scleroglucan was harvested by a two-dose fed-batch mode, with 53.3% glucose conversion ratio. To modify the molecular weight of scleroglucan, a combination method with HCl and high-pressure homogenization treatment was established. Finally, scleroglucan with molecular weight of 4.61 × 105 Da was obtained. The developed approaches provide references for the biosynthesis and molecular weight modification of polysaccharides.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM BALANGU SEED (LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA) GUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sardarodiyan ◽  
Akram Arianfar ◽  
Ali Mohamadi San ◽  
Sara Naji-Tabasi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

In this study, the influence of molecular weight (MW) was measured on functional characteristics of Balangu seed (Lallemantia royleana) gum (BSG) fractions. Firstly, BSG fractionated by precipitation method using ethanol basis on MW. Two fractions called precipitate (PER) Balangu and supernatant (SUPER) Balangu were obtained as the highest and lowest MW fractions, respectively. Then the physicochemical properties (uronic acid, protein and molecular weight) were investigated for BSG and fractions. Moreover, the rheological characteristics of BSG and fractions emulsions were determined. The results showed, the value of MW for Balangu, PER-Balangu and SUPER-BSG were 3120 kDa, 6130 kDa and 2050 kDa, respectively. All the emulsions established shear-thinning behavior (1%, w/w). SUPER- Balangu was obtained lower storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G''), which showed as the best uniform emulsion. The present of high uronic acid content (20.35%) and protein content (10.8%) of SUPER-Balangu led its increase emulsifying activity. PER-Balangu emulsion contains more poly-dispersed oil droplets with larger size which may be due to low protein content (6.03%). According to the results the most uniform emulsion related to SUPER-Balangu which can be a replacement for some of the plant hydrocolloids used in food products.

Molecular, rheological and physicochemical characterisation of puka gum, an arabinogalactan-protein extracted from the Meryta sinclairii tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSM Wee ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
KKT Goh ◽  
L Matia-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Radius ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd A water-soluble polysaccharide (type II arabinogalactan-protein) extracted from the gum exudate of the native New Zealand puka tree (Meryta sinclairii), was characterised for its molecular, rheological and physicochemical properties. In 0.1 M NaCl, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of puka gum is 5.9 × 106 Da with an RMS radius of 56 nm and z-average hydrodynamic radius of 79 nm. The intrinsic viscosity of the polysaccharide is 57 ml/g with a coil overlap concentration 15% w/w. Together, the shape factor, p, of 0.70 (exponent of RMS radius vs. hydrodynamic radius), Smidsrød-Haug's stiffness parameter B of 0.031 and Mark-Houwink exponent α of 0.375 indicate that the polysaccharide adopts a spherical conformation in solution, similar to gum arabic. The pKa is 1.8. The polysaccharide exhibits a Newtonian to shear-thinning behaviour from 0.2 to 25% w/w. Viscosity of the polysaccharide (1 s−1) decreases with decreasing concentration, increasing temperature, ionic strength, and at acidic pH.

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