scholarly journals Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase. Role of the prosthetic group in enzyme polymerization

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Landman ◽  
K Darkshinamurti
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Polymeric Form ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

Apo-(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) completely free from the holoenzyme was prepared from biotin-deficient rat adipose tissue by using affinity chromatography. The apoenzyme does not aggregate under conditions favouring the transition of the holoenzyme to the polymeric form. Such transition is possible after the conversion of the apoenzyme into the holoenzyme in vitro, thus demonstrating the requirement of the prosthetic biotinyl group for enzyme activation.

Lipid metabolism in finishing bulls and steers implanted with oestradiol-17 β-dipropionate

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Prior ◽  
S. B. Smith ◽  
B. D. Schanbacher ◽  
H. J. Mersmann
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Aconitate Hydratase ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

ABSTRACTTwenty bull calves were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) intact bulls; 2) intact bulls implanted with oestradiol dipropionate; 3) steers, and 4) steers implanted with oestradiol dipropionate. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy 5 months after implantation. Experimental treatment did not alter (P > 0·05) mean adipose cell volume, diameter or cell number per g adipose tissue. Soluble protein content of adipose cells from bulls was increased by implantation, but not in steers. In vitro rates of fatty acid synthesis were higher in oestrogen-implanted cattle compared with nonimplanted cattle when expressed per g adipose tissue, but not when expressed per cell. Maximal activities of the lipogenic-related enzymes, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, aconitate hydratase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were higher in implanted compared with nonimplanted cattle when the activities were expressed per g tissue and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and aconitase were also higher when expressed per adipose cell. Bulls and steers had the same basal and stimulated lipolytic rates and implantation of oestradiol dipropionate had no effect on either basal or stimulated lipolytic rate. In this experiment, the oestrogenic implant appeared to have a stimulatory effect on in vitro estimates of lipogenesis.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary lipids on lipolysis in rat adipose tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Larking ◽  
E. R. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fasted Rats

1. Rats were fed for 8 weeks on one of five diets differing in the amount of fatty acids 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3. Lipolysis, in vitro, of epididymal fat from fed and fasted rats was measured both basally and in the presence of noradrenaline with and without prostaglandin E12. Lipolysis was markedly influenced by the type of dietary fat. In particular, lipolysis in adipose tissue from rats given diets rich in the fatty acid 18:3 was higher than in the rats given diets containing 18:23. Results showing the effects of fasting on adipose tissue lipolysis are also presented4. The results are discussed in relation to the known effects of unsaturated fats on hyper-plasia and protein synthesis in adipose tissue and on the possible role of prostaglandins.

scholarly journals Effects of Prolactin in Vitro on Fatty Acid Synthesis in Rat Adipose Tissue

1959 ◽  
Vol 234 (12) ◽  
pp. 3111-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert I. Winegrad ◽  
Walter N. Shaw ◽  
Francis D.W. Lukens ◽  
William C. Stadie
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Purification and properties of the bovine adipose tissue enzyme

Biochemistry ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 3779-3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Moss ◽  
Miwako Yamagishi ◽  
Albrecht K. Kleinschmidt ◽  
M. Daniel Lane
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

scholarly journals Galanin inhibits leptin expression and secretion in rat adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RY Li ◽  
HD Song ◽  
WJ Shi ◽  
SM Hu ◽  
YS Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Leptin Expression

In addition to serving as a fat depot, adipose tissue is also considered as an important endocrine organ that synthesizes and secretes a number of factors. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays a vital role in energy balance. Expression of leptin is regulated by dietary status and hormones. In the present study, we report that galanin, an orexigenic peptide, inhibits leptin expression and secretion in rat adipose tissue and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with galanin (25 micro g/animal) induced approximately 46% down-regulation of leptin secretion at 15 min, followed by 40, 37 and 47% decreases in leptin secretion at 1, 2 and 4 h respectively. Although Northern blot analysis of adipose tissue from the same animals showed that leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue was unaffected by galanin treatment for 2 h, galanin treatment for 4 h led to decline of leptin mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, treating the rats with galanin had no effect on leptin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. The inhibitory action of the galanin on leptin mRNA and protein levels was also observed in vitro. When incubated with 10 nM galanin for 48 h, leptin mRNA expression and protein secretion also decreased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. On the other hand, galanin was found not only to express in rat adipose tissue, but also to increase about 8-fold after fasting. Based on these data, we speculate that increased galanin expression in rat adipose tissue after fasting may be involved in reducing leptin expression and secretion in fasting rats.

scholarly journals Release of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Adipose Tissue Is Enhanced in Obesity and Primarily by the Nonfat Cells: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Pai 1

This paper considers the role of putative adipokines that might be involved in the enhanced inflammatory response of human adipose tissue seen in obesity. Inflammatory adipokines [IL-6, IL-10, ACE, TGFβ1, TNFα, IL-1β, PAI-1, and IL-8] plus one anti-inflammatory [IL-10] adipokine were identified whose circulating levels as well as in vitro release by fat are enhanced in obesity and are primarily released by the nonfat cells of human adipose tissue. In contrast, the circulating levels of leptin and FABP-4 are also enhanced in obesity and they are primarily released by fat cells of human adipose tissue. The relative expression of adipokines and other proteins in human omental as compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as their expression in the nonfat as compared to the fat cells of human omental adipose tissue is also reviewed. The conclusion is that the release of many inflammatory adipokines by adipose tissue is enhanced in obese humans.

Effects of hormones on cyclic AMP release from rat adipose tissue in vitro

FEBS Letters ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zumstein ◽  
J. Zapf ◽  
E.R. Froesch
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Cellular adaptations in fat tissue of exercise-trained miniature swine: role of excess energy intake

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale B. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine

This study examined the influence of energy expenditure and energy intake on cellular mechanisms regulating adipose tissue metabolism. 1 Twenty-four swine were assigned to restricted-fed sedentary, restricted-fed exercise-trained, full-fed sedentary, or full-fed exercise-trained groups. After 3 mo of treatment, adipocytes were isolated and adipocyte size, adenosine A1 receptor characteristics, and lipolytic sensitivity were measured. Swine were infused with epinephrine during which adipose tissue extracellular adenosine, plasma fatty acids, and plasma glycerol were measured. Results revealed that adipocytes isolated from restricted-fed exercised swine had a smaller diameter, a lower number of A1 receptors, and a greater sensitivity to lipolytic stimulation, compared with adipocytes from full-fed exercised swine. Extracellular adenosine levels were transiently increased on infusion of epinephrine in adipose tissue of restricted-fed exercised but not full-fed exercised swine. These results suggest a role for adenosine in explaining the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo lipolysis findings and underscore the notion that excess energy intake dampens the lipolytic sensitivity of adipocytes to β-agonists and adenosine, even if accompanied by exercise training.

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