scholarly journals Effects of chronic modification of dietary fat and carbohydrate in rats. The activities of some enzymes of hepatic glycerolipid synthesis and the effects of corticotropin injection

1981 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Lawson ◽  
R J Jennings ◽  
A D Pollard ◽  
R G Sturton ◽  
S J Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Urate Oxidase ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

1. Rats were fed on diets enriched with starch, sucrose, corn oil or beef tallow for 3 weeks and the activities of various enzymes in the liver were measured. 2. The mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity was lower in rats fed on the starch diet than on the two high-fat diets. 3. The non-microsomal (presumably peroxisomal) dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity was higher in rats fed on the starch diet and corn-oil diets than in those fed on the sucrose and beef-tallow diets. Urate oxidase activity was higher in rats fed on the starch diet than in the three other groups. There were no significant differences in the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase among the groups. 4. The activity of soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase was not significantly different among the dietary groups. There were increases of 3.3--4.3-fold in this activity in the dietary groups 6h after injection of corticotropin. The equivalent increases for the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase were 1.4--1.6 fold. 5. The corticosterone responses to the corticotropin injection were not significantly different between dietary groups. However, the corticosterone response of the rats fed on the two high-fat diets was prolonged when the rats were given an acute load of fructose [Brindley, Cooling, Glenny, Burditt & McKechnie (1981) Biochem. J. 200. 275--283]. 6. Rats fed on the high-fat diets had higher concentrations of circulating cholesterol than those fed on the starch and sucrose diets. Serum triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the rats fed on the starch diet than in the three other groups. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between diet, hormonal balance and hepatic glycerolipid metabolism.

Dietary lipids modify receptor- and non-receptor-dependent components of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. R1465-R1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hodgkin ◽  
R. J. Boucek ◽  
R. E. Purdy ◽  
W. J. Pearce ◽  
I. M. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Dietary lipid modulation of alpha-adrenoceptor (adrenergic receptor)- and non-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile properties of isolated rat abdominal aortic segments were assessed during the early developmental period. Rats were raised from conception to 90 days of age on semisynthetic diets containing various types and amounts of lipids. Aortic segments from three groups of rats fed high-fat diets (15% wt/wt) consisting of olive oil, corn oil, or lard as the sole lipid sources were compared with those from rats fed a low-fat control diet containing corn oil (5% wt/wt). alpha-Adrenoceptor activities were assessed by measuring the norepinephrine dose response of the tissue rings with and without partial inactivation of alpha-receptors by benextramine. alpha-Adrenoceptor sensitivity to norepinephrine increased, whereas receptor affinity decreased significantly in rats raised on high-fat diets. Qualitative features of dietary lipids influenced non-adrenoceptor-dependent aspects of vascular contractility. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (high- and low-fat corn oil) raised the maximum response to norepinephrine and the contractile response to 60 mM potassium compared with more-saturated diets (olive oil and lard). These results demonstrate an effect of chronic feeding of high dietary fat on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractility of abdominal aortic rings from young Sprague-Dawley rats. Qualitative features of dietary lipids also appear to modify receptor-independent parameters of the contractile response of the arterial tissue rings in these animals.

scholarly journals The effects of diet on the esterification of glycerol phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2-hexadecylglycerol by homogenates of rat adipose tissue

1976 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Dodds ◽  
D N Brindley ◽  
M I Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

1. Male rats were fed for 5 weeks after weaning on a diet containing (by weight) 59% of starch or on diets that contained 39% of starch and 20% of either sucrose, beef tallow or corn oil. 2. The rats fed on the beef tallow consumed more energy than did the rats fed on the starch and sucrose diets. The rats fed on the corn oil drank less water than did the other groups of rats. 3. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of body-weight gain, epididymal-fat-pad weight and in the size, number and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes in the fat-pads. 4. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the activities of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in individual rats. Both of these activities were highest in the group fed on the high-starch diet and both correlated with the consumption of glucose by individual rats in the four groups. 5. The percentage of glycerol phosphate converted into diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol was positively correlated with the mean diameters, surface area and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes for individual rats and was greates in the sucrose-fed rats. 6. The specific activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase was highest in the rats fed on beef tallow. This activity was positively correlated with the energy intake for all dietary groups over the 5-week feeding period. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the functions of the three routes of glycerolipid synthesis in adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Gut Mucosal Proteins and Bacteriome Are Shaped by the Saturation Index of Dietary Lipids

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nijiati Abulizi ◽  
Candice Quin ◽  
Kirsty Brown ◽  
Yee Chan ◽  
Sandeep Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.

scholarly journals The activities of lipoprotein lipase and of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis in rat adipose tissue. Effects of starvation, dietary modification and of corticotropin injection

1981 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Lawson ◽  
A D Pollard ◽  
R J Jennings ◽  
M I Gurr ◽  
D N Brindley
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Phosphatidate Phosphohydrolase ◽  
Starch Diet

1. The effects of dietary modification, including starvation, and of corticotropin injection on the activities of acyl-CoA synthetase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lipoprotein lipase were measured in adipose tissue. 2. Lipoprotein lipase activities in heart were increased and those in adipose tissue were decreased when rats were fed on diets enriched with corn oil or beef tallow rather than with sucrose or starch. The lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in the adipose tissue of rats fed on the sucrose rather than on the starch diet. 3. Rats fed on the beef tallow diet had slightly higher activities of the total glycerol phosphate acyltransferase in adipose tissue than did rats fed on the sucrose or starch diet. The diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activities were higher for the rats fed on the tallow diet than for those fed on the corn-oil diet. 4. Starvation significantly decreased the activities of lipoprotein lipase (after 24 and 48 h), acyl-CoA synthetase (after 24 h) and of the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and the N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (after 48 h) in adipose tissue. The activities of the microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase were not significantly changed after 24 or 48 h of starvation. 5. The activities of lipoprotein lipase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in adipose tissue were decreased 15 min after corticotropin was injected into rats during November to December. No statistically significant differences were found when these experiments were performed during March to September. These differences may be related to the seasonal variation in acute lipolytic responses. 6. These results are discussed in relation to the control of triacylglycerol synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism.

EXCRETION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY MEN ON HIGH FAT DIETS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Ali ◽  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The fecal excretion of phospholipids was determined in three adult males during the last 4 days of eight dietary periods of 8–16 days on high corn oil and butterfat diets (35–60% of calories from fat). The phospholipids were isolated, identified, and quantitatively estimated by a combination of column, thin-layer, and gas chromatographic techniques. On both high fat diets the chief components of the fecal phospholipid mixtures were tentatively identified as phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl inositol. The output of total phospholipids in three subjects on butterfat ranged between 33 and 168 mg/day. Substitution of hydrogenated corn oil (45% of calories) and corn oil (60% of calories) for butterfat (35–60% of calories) led to increased excretion of phospholipids, 300 and 430 mg/day, respectively, for hydrogenated and refined corn oil. Addition of sitosterol to a butterfat diet also led to increased phospholipid output (208 mg/day), as did the mixing of butterfat and corn oil (180 mg/day). The changes in the total output of the phospholipids were accompanied by alterations in the proportions of the individual phospholipids as well as of the component fatty acids. It is concluded that the ingestion of corn oil or plant sterol leads to increased fecal output of phospholipids, when compared with butterfat and fat-free diets. A change in the activity or the population of the intestinal flora is suggested to explain this observation.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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