scholarly journals A common African polymorphism abolishes tyrosine sulfation of human anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2)

2009 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Rónai ◽  
Heiko Witt ◽  
Olga Rickards ◽  
Giovanni Destro-Bisol ◽  
Andrew R. M. Bradbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Tyrosine Sulfation ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cationic Trypsinogen ◽  
Anionic Trypsin ◽  
A Minor

Human pancreatic trypsinogens undergo post-translational sulfation on Tyr154, catalysed by the Golgi-resident enzyme tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2. Sequence alignments suggest that the sulfation of Tyr154 is facilitated by a unique sequence context which is characteristically found in primate trypsinogens. In the search for genetic variants that might alter this sulfation motif, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (c.457G>C) in the PRSS2 (serine protease 2, human anionic trypsinogen) gene, which changed Asp153 to a histidine residue (p.D153H). The p.D153H variant is common in subjects of African origin, with a minor allele frequency of 9.2%, whereas it is absent in subjects of European descent. We demonstrate that Asp153 is the main determinant of tyrosine sulfation in anionic trypsinogen, as both the natural p.D153H variation and the p.D153N mutation result in a complete loss of trypsinogen sulfation. In contrast, mutation of Asp156 and Glu157 only slightly decrease tyrosine sulfation, whereas mutation of Gly151 and Pro155 has no effect. With respect to the biological relevance of the p.D153H variant, we found that tyrosine sulfation had no significant effect on the activation of anionic trypsinogen or the catalytic activity and inhibitor sensitivity of anionic trypsin. Taken together with previous studies, the observations of the present study suggest that the primary role of trypsinogen sulfation in humans is to stimulate autoactivation of PRSS1 (serine protease 1, human cationic trypsinogen), whereas the sulfation of anionic trypsinogen is unimportant for normal digestive physiology. As a result, the p.D153H polymorphism which eliminates this modification could become widespread in a healthy population.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Invasin for Colonization and Persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Its Natural Reservoir Host, the Pig

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schaake ◽  
Anna Drees ◽  
Petra Grüning ◽  
Frank Uliczka ◽  
Fabio Pisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTIn this study, an oral minipig infection model was established to investigate the pathogenicity ofYersinia enterocoliticabioserotype 4/O:3. O:3 strains are highly prevalent in pigs, which are usually symptomless carriers, and they represent the most common cause of human yersiniosis. To assess the pathogenic potential of the O:3 serotype, we compared the colonization properties ofY. enterocoliticaO:3 with O:8, a highly mouse-virulentY. enterocoliticaserotype, in minipigs and mice. We found that O:3 is a significantly better colonizer of swine than is O:8. Coinfection studies with O:3 mutant strains demonstrated that small variations within the O:3 genome leading to higher amounts of the primary adhesion factor invasin (InvA) improved colonization and/or survival of this serotype in swine but had only a minor effect on the colonization of mice. We further demonstrated that a deletion of theinvAgene abolished long-term colonization in the pigs. Our results indicate a primary role for invasin in naturally occurringY. enterocoliticaO:3 infections in pigs and reveal a higher adaptation of O:3 than O:8 strains to their natural pig reservoir host.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF A JUVENILE VICTIM IN THE MECHANISM OF PERSONAL CRIMINAL ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Tetiana Titochka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Sexual Deviations ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
A Minor

In the article the author considers the role of a minor victim in the mechanism of perverse criminal illegal behavior. It is pointed out that perverse behavior a priori indicates, first of all, the loss of a person's moral values and distortion of adequate worldview, which occurs due to certain mental / psychological disorders. Perversion does not always become the root cause of criminally illegal behavior and is essentially an inadequate, perverted notion of sexual intercourse. However, certain types of sexual deviations require a person to commit illegal acts that will allow him to obtain sexual arousal and its logical ending. In this context, we are talking about pedophilia (including incest), necrophilia, forced sexual intercourse (rape, sexual violence, etc.). That is why the primary role of the victim in the mechanism of perverse illegal behavior is quite banal – formal compliance with the needs of the offender on physiological grounds (sex, age, appearance, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the fact that in order to commit unlawful intent to commit violent incest against a minor, it is necessary to: 1) a person suffering from a certain kind of sexual deviations (perversion), and also does not have a finally formed system of values and is not endowed with moral qualities capable of warning deviant behavior; 2) a juvenile who, due to his physiological, psychological or behavioral characteristics, meets the needs of the offender; 3) an environment that promotes and facilitates the commission of sexual violence. The author argues that the criminally illegal behavior of a person who commits a sexual criminal offense against a minor is most often motivated by a physiological and mental need to satisfy sexual desire. Most of these illegal acts are committed in a state of intoxication, which facilitates the perpetrator's process of realizing his unnatural desire, ultimately forming the emergence of direct intent. If we are talking about a priori mentally ill person, then this intention is formed and repeated in him (multi-act). The victim is the center of motivation, shaping and determining its implementation. Thus, the juvenile victim is integrated into the subjective component of the abuser's behavior.

scholarly journals Haplotype Networking of GWAS Hits for Citrulline Variation Associated with the Domestication of Watermelon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5392
Author(s):  
Joshi ◽  
Shinde ◽  
Nimmakayala ◽  
Abburi ◽  
Alaparthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
A Minor

Watermelon is a good source of citrulline, a non-protein amino acid. Citrulline has several therapeutic and clinical implications as it produces nitric oxide via arginine. In plants, citrulline plays a pivotal role in nitrogen transport and osmoprotection. The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with citrulline metabolism using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and understand the role of citrulline in watermelon domestication. A watermelon collection consisting of 187 wild, landraces, and cultivated accessions was used to estimate citrulline content. An association analysis involved a total of 12,125 SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05 in understanding the population structure and phylogeny in light of citrulline accumulation. Wild egusi types and landraces contained low to medium citrulline content, whereas cultivars had higher content, which suggests that obtaining higher content of citrulline is a domesticated trait. GWAS analysis identified candidate genes (ferrochelatase and acetolactate synthase) showing a significant association of SNPs with citrulline content. Haplotype networking indicated positive selection from wild to domesticated watermelon. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing genetic regulation of citrulline variation in plants by using a GWAS strategy. These results provide new insights into the citrulline metabolism in plants and the possibility of incorporating high citrulline as a trait in watermelon breeding programs.

Correction: Structural modeling and role of HAX-1 as a positive allosteric modulator of human serine protease HtrA2

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-459
Author(s):  
Lalith K. Chaganti ◽  
Shubhankar Dutta ◽  
Raja Reddy Kuppili ◽  
Mriganka Mandal ◽  
Kakoli Bose
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Allosteric Modulator ◽  
Positive Allosteric Modulator

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Sports Photography and Historical Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Miloš Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role

SummarySports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It’s main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say “multi”, it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement – it also has the role of sports “psychophotography” which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

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