scholarly journals THE ROLE OF A JUVENILE VICTIM IN THE MECHANISM OF PERSONAL CRIMINAL ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Tetiana Titochka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Sexual Deviations ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
A Minor

In the article the author considers the role of a minor victim in the mechanism of perverse criminal illegal behavior. It is pointed out that perverse behavior a priori indicates, first of all, the loss of a person's moral values and distortion of adequate worldview, which occurs due to certain mental / psychological disorders. Perversion does not always become the root cause of criminally illegal behavior and is essentially an inadequate, perverted notion of sexual intercourse. However, certain types of sexual deviations require a person to commit illegal acts that will allow him to obtain sexual arousal and its logical ending. In this context, we are talking about pedophilia (including incest), necrophilia, forced sexual intercourse (rape, sexual violence, etc.). That is why the primary role of the victim in the mechanism of perverse illegal behavior is quite banal – formal compliance with the needs of the offender on physiological grounds (sex, age, appearance, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the fact that in order to commit unlawful intent to commit violent incest against a minor, it is necessary to: 1) a person suffering from a certain kind of sexual deviations (perversion), and also does not have a finally formed system of values and is not endowed with moral qualities capable of warning deviant behavior; 2) a juvenile who, due to his physiological, psychological or behavioral characteristics, meets the needs of the offender; 3) an environment that promotes and facilitates the commission of sexual violence. The author argues that the criminally illegal behavior of a person who commits a sexual criminal offense against a minor is most often motivated by a physiological and mental need to satisfy sexual desire. Most of these illegal acts are committed in a state of intoxication, which facilitates the perpetrator's process of realizing his unnatural desire, ultimately forming the emergence of direct intent. If we are talking about a priori mentally ill person, then this intention is formed and repeated in him (multi-act). The victim is the center of motivation, shaping and determining its implementation. Thus, the juvenile victim is integrated into the subjective component of the abuser's behavior.

scholarly journals A common African polymorphism abolishes tyrosine sulfation of human anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2)

2009 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Rónai ◽  
Heiko Witt ◽  
Olga Rickards ◽  
Giovanni Destro-Bisol ◽  
Andrew R. M. Bradbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Tyrosine Sulfation ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cationic Trypsinogen ◽  
Anionic Trypsin ◽  
A Minor

Human pancreatic trypsinogens undergo post-translational sulfation on Tyr154, catalysed by the Golgi-resident enzyme tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2. Sequence alignments suggest that the sulfation of Tyr154 is facilitated by a unique sequence context which is characteristically found in primate trypsinogens. In the search for genetic variants that might alter this sulfation motif, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (c.457G>C) in the PRSS2 (serine protease 2, human anionic trypsinogen) gene, which changed Asp153 to a histidine residue (p.D153H). The p.D153H variant is common in subjects of African origin, with a minor allele frequency of 9.2%, whereas it is absent in subjects of European descent. We demonstrate that Asp153 is the main determinant of tyrosine sulfation in anionic trypsinogen, as both the natural p.D153H variation and the p.D153N mutation result in a complete loss of trypsinogen sulfation. In contrast, mutation of Asp156 and Glu157 only slightly decrease tyrosine sulfation, whereas mutation of Gly151 and Pro155 has no effect. With respect to the biological relevance of the p.D153H variant, we found that tyrosine sulfation had no significant effect on the activation of anionic trypsinogen or the catalytic activity and inhibitor sensitivity of anionic trypsin. Taken together with previous studies, the observations of the present study suggest that the primary role of trypsinogen sulfation in humans is to stimulate autoactivation of PRSS1 (serine protease 1, human cationic trypsinogen), whereas the sulfation of anionic trypsinogen is unimportant for normal digestive physiology. As a result, the p.D153H polymorphism which eliminates this modification could become widespread in a healthy population.

scholarly journals Sleep and Interrogation: Does Losing Sleep Impact Criminal History Disclosure?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatan Krizan ◽  
Anthony J Miller ◽  
Christian A Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Investigative Interviews ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Study Objectives Despite centuries of using sleep deprivation to interrogate, there is virtually no scientific evidence on how sleep shapes behavior within interrogation settings. To evaluate the impact of sleeplessness on subjects’ behavior during investigative interviews, an experimental study examined the impact of sleep restriction on disclosure of past illegal behavior. Methods Healthy participants from a university community (N=143) either maintained or curbed their sleep (up to 4 hours a night) across two days with sleep monitored via actigraphy. They were then asked to disclose past illegal acts and interviewed about them. Next, they were re-interviewed following an example of a detailed memory account (model statement). Disclosures were blindly coded for quantity and quality by two independent raters. Results Sleep-restricted individuals reported similar offenses, but less information during their disclosure with slightly less precision. Model statement increased disclosure but did not reduce the inhibiting impact of sleep loss. Mediation analysis confirmed the causal role of sleep as responsible for experimental differences in amount of information, and subjects’ reports suggested impaired motivation to recall information played a role. Conclusions The findings suggest that even moderate sleep loss can inhibit criminal disclosure during interviews, point to motivational factors as responsible, and suggest investigators should be cautious when interrogating sleepy subjects.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Invasin for Colonization and Persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Its Natural Reservoir Host, the Pig

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schaake ◽  
Anna Drees ◽  
Petra Grüning ◽  
Frank Uliczka ◽  
Fabio Pisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTIn this study, an oral minipig infection model was established to investigate the pathogenicity ofYersinia enterocoliticabioserotype 4/O:3. O:3 strains are highly prevalent in pigs, which are usually symptomless carriers, and they represent the most common cause of human yersiniosis. To assess the pathogenic potential of the O:3 serotype, we compared the colonization properties ofY. enterocoliticaO:3 with O:8, a highly mouse-virulentY. enterocoliticaserotype, in minipigs and mice. We found that O:3 is a significantly better colonizer of swine than is O:8. Coinfection studies with O:3 mutant strains demonstrated that small variations within the O:3 genome leading to higher amounts of the primary adhesion factor invasin (InvA) improved colonization and/or survival of this serotype in swine but had only a minor effect on the colonization of mice. We further demonstrated that a deletion of theinvAgene abolished long-term colonization in the pigs. Our results indicate a primary role for invasin in naturally occurringY. enterocoliticaO:3 infections in pigs and reveal a higher adaptation of O:3 than O:8 strains to their natural pig reservoir host.

scholarly journals Research Article. On memory, dimension, and atmospheric teleconnections

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence. J. O’Kane ◽  
Didier P. Monselesan ◽  
James S. Risbey ◽  
Illia Horenko ◽  
Christian L. E. Franzke
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Teleconnection Pattern ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Markovian Processes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUsing reanalysed atmospheric data and applying a data-driven multiscale approximation to non-stationary dynamical processes, we undertake a systematic examination of the role of memory and dimensionality in defining the quasi-stationary states of the troposphere over the recent decades. We focus on the role of teleconnections characterised by either zonally-oriented wave trains or meridional dipolar structures. We consider the impact of various strategies for dimension reduction based on principal component analysis, diagonalization and truncation.We include the impact of memory by consideration of Bernoulli, Markovian and non-Markovian processes. We a priori explicitly separate barotropic and baroclinic processes and then implement a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to the number and type of retained modes. Our results show the importance of explicitly mitigating the deleterious impacts of signal degradation through ill-conditioning and under sampling in preference to simple strategies based on thresholds in terms of explained variance. In both hemispheres, the results obtained for the dominant tropospheric modes depend critically on the extent to which the higher order modes are retained, the number of free model parameters to be fitted, and whether memory effects are taken into account. Our study identifies the primary role of the circumglobal teleconnection pattern in both hemispheres for Bernoulli and Markov processes, and the transient nature and zonal structure of the Southern Hemisphere patterns in relation to their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. For both hemispheres, overfitted models yield structures consistent with the major teleconnection modes (NAO, PNA and SAM), which give way to zonally oriented wavetrains when either memory effects are ignored or where the dimension is reduced via diagonalising. Where baroclinic processes are emphasised, circumpolar wavetrains are manifest.

scholarly journals Authenticity and fundamental onthology

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Milan Brdar
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

What does Heidegger?s discussion of authenticity of Dasein, as presented in Sein und Zeit (1927), contribute to the completion of his program of fundamental ontology (aiming at the sense of being as such)? Aiming to answer to this question the author examines the way authenticity is constructed. The author specifically emphasizes the fact that the authenticity is completed within what is given in ?the One? (?das Man?), in the process by which Dasein realizes within its way of being his own specification or concretization. Furthermore Heidegger claims, on the one hand, that it is not possible to rank authenticity and inauthenticity as being something of ?higher? and ?lower? order, and, on the other hand, that the world has a transcendental status with primary role of the One (das Man). Therefore Dasein understands all from the world, builds its understanding by taking it from the world and constructing out of it its own specification. This has two important consequences: the first is the realization that authenticity has no significance for fundamental ontology, for the understanding of the Being that the Dasein has acquired is equally valuable whether it is authentic or not; and the second is that authenticity is of negligible significance, for the understanding that the Dasein has is obtained from the One, and because the world has a transcendental status, hence it is a priori as far as the understanding of all Being goes. Why then Heidegger deals with authenticity? Reason is to be found not in preparing work for fundamental onthology but in Heidegger?s anticartesianism. As he sketched the concept of Dasein in contrast to Descartes? subject, he created a problem for himself. Just as Descartes had a problem with finding the way to bring the subject to the world, Heidegger is facing a problem: How can the Dasein, as something integrated into the world as beingin- the-world and being-with-Others, come to itself? Finding the answer to this question does not engage fundamental ontology, for it must be obtained as a precondition for creating the starting point for it. Finally, the author discusses a problem that emerges from this perspective: What is the source of Heidegger?s turn (Kehre)? Emphasized as reasons are Heidegger?s anthropocentrism and remnants of the subject-object relation. Anthropocentrism, however, was already overcomed in SuZ with the thesis about the trancendentalty of the world and by de-centering the subject given the primacy of understanding as contained in the One. As for the subject-object relation, it was overcome through the very discussion of authenticity on the basis of the thesis that the Dasein and the world are in original unity. It follows, then, that Heidegger did not offer the real reasons for his turn, hence the question remains: Why Heidegger did not remain satisfied with those results? That remains to be uncovered by further analyses of his philosophy!

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

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