scholarly journals Ornithine decarboxylase activity in embryos depends on temperature of development rather than on the stage of development. Molecular adaptation to temperature changes in poikilothermic animals

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Neyfakh ◽  
K N Yarygin ◽  
S I Gorgolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Misgurnus Fossilis

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (the key enzyme of polyamine synthesis) in different poikilothermic animals depends on the temperatures at which they were kept just before the enzyme assay. With an increase in temperature (within physiological limits) ODC activity rises 5-25-fold within several hours. With a decrease in temperature it falls at the same rate. This effect, studied on loach (Misgurnus fossilis) embryos in detail, was also shown for embryos, larvae and some adult tissues of many species. It is not, however, observed in homoiothermic animals (chick embryos and mammalian cells), nor in bacteria and plants. Changes in polyamine concentrations follow those in ODC activity, but more slowly and to a lesser extent. It is assumed that modulation of ODC activity changes as a result of its synthesis and degradation. We suggest that the temperature-dependence of ODC activity is a mechanism of adaptation which maintains the optimal cellular concentration of polyamines for each temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of diamines on ornithine decarboxylase activity in control and virally transformed mouse fibroblasts

1979 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Bethell ◽  
A E Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
3T3 Fibroblasts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Alpha Omega

1. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts or an SV-40 transformed 3T3 cell line by serum was prevented by addition of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine (butane-1,4-diamine) and spermidine. Much higher concentrations of these amines were required to fully suppress ornithine decarboxylase activity in the transformed SV-3T3 cells than in the 3T3 fibroblasts. 2. Synthetic alpha omega-diamines with 3–12 carbon atoms also prevented the increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity induced by serum in these cells. The longer chain diamines were somewhat more potent than propane-1,3-diamine in this effect, but the synthetic diamines were less active than putrescine in the 3T3 cells. There was little difference between the responses of 3T3 and SV-3T3 cells to the synthetic diamines propane-1,3-diamine and heptane-1,7-diamine. 3. These results are discussed in relation to the control of polyamine synthesis in mammalian cells.

Polyamine synthesis in liver and kidney of flounder in response to methylmercury

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Manen ◽  
B Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
DH Russell
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The effect of methylmercury administration on polyamine synthesis was studied in the liver and kidney of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). A single injection of methylmercury resulted in five- and sevenfold elevations of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the liver and kidney within 15 and 45 h, respectively. There were elevations of both putrescine- and spermidine-stimulated S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities (approximately 1.5-fold) in both tissues. Evaluation of the polyamine accumulation patterns in these tissues indicated that in the liver all three polyamines increased in concentration until 48 h and then decline. In the kidney, the concentration of putrescine increased steadily until it was 200% of control at 72 h and then declined. Spermidine concentration decreased throughout the time studied and was 17% of control at 1 wk. There was no significant change in the concentration of spermine throughout the period studied. The changes in the polyamine pools and in the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes after methylmercury administration are consistent with an involvement of the polyamines in the recovery phase to a toxic dose of methylmercury.

scholarly journals Transgenic mice expressing the human ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter

1996 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena ALHONEN ◽  
Sami HEIKKINEN ◽  
Riitta SINERVIRTA ◽  
Maria HALMEKYTÖ ◽  
Pekka ALAKUIJALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Line ◽  
Regulatory Machinery ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Very High

We have generated a transgenic mouse line harbouring the human ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter. Even in the absence of an exposure to heavy metals, ornithine decarboxylase was over-expressed in heart, testis, brain, and especially in liver, of the transgenic animals. An exposure of the transgenic mice to zinc further enhanced the enzyme activity to a level which in liver represented up to 8000-fold increase in comparison with non-transgenic animals. The striking stimulation of liver ornithine decarboxylase activity upon treatment of the transgenic mice with zinc was accompanied by a nearly 150-fold increase in the hepatic putrescine content as compared with similarly treated non-transgenic animals. Even though the liver putrescine concentration reached that of spermidine and spermine in the transgenic animals, the contents of the higher polyamines only transiently increased upon zinc administration and then returned to the basal level. These findings once again indicate that mammalian cells possess extremely powerful regulatory machinery to prevent an over-accumulation of spermidine and spermine in non-dividing cells, and that very high tissue putrescine concentrations can be tolerated, at least for periods of a few days, with seemingly no phenotypic changes.

scholarly journals Dissociation of tumour-promoter-induced effects on prostaglandin release, polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation of 3T3 cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lanz ◽  
K Brune
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Prostaglandin Release ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induces tumour promotion, inflammation, cell proliferation and prostaglandin release. Recent reports suggest that the prostaglandins released by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) initiate a cascade of events leading to polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. In experiments designed to test this contention, it was found that addition of TPA (1 microM to 1 nM) to confluent mouse 3T3 fibroblasts successively caused the release of prostaglandins E2 and I2, induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone (1 microM) or the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (1 microM) inhibited TPA-induced prostaglandin release. However, dexamethasone enhanced the other effects of TPA, whereas indomethacin was ineffective. Addition of prostaglandin E2 to the cultures did not induce ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with 1,3-diaminopropane (1 mM) or alpha-methylornithine (5 mM), inhibitors of polyamine synthesis, decreased TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity without affecting DNA synthesis. TPA stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, even when the ornithine decarboxylase activity was completely blocked. These data suggest that the proliferative effect of TPA on 3T3 cells is independent of prostaglandin release and polyamine synthesis.

scholarly journals Deoxyribonucleic acid and polyamine synthesis in rat ventral prostate. Effects of age of the intact rat and androgen stimulation of the castrated rat with testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E E K Takyi ◽  
D J M Fuller ◽  
L J Donaldson ◽  
G H Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between polyamine synthesis, growth and secretion in vivo was examined in ventral prostates from: (a) intact rats aged 3-60 weeks; (b) animals castrated for 7 days before injection with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one), testosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol for up to 10 days; (c) rats injected with the 3 beta, 17 beta-diol immediately after castration. Ornithine decarboxylase activity and the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were measured. DNA-synthetic activity was monitored by measuring [125I]iododoxyuridine incorporation. An enhanced spermidine/spermine molar ratio reflected increased activity of the prostate. The ratio was higher (greater than 2) in prostates from sexually immature animals, than in the intact adult (1.5), suggesting that the ratio was indicative of the proliferative activity of the tissue. However, in the androgen-stimulated castrated rat, enhanced spermidine/spermine ratios tended to correlate with hypertrophy and secretion. In both sets of experiments there was a linear relationship between protein and spermidine content. High spermidine/spermine molar ratios were the consequence of a relatively low rate of accumulation of spermine relative to spermidine and protein. The relationship between polyamine synthesis and DNA-synthetic activity was investigated in cultured prostate. A combination of insulin (3 mug/ml) and testosterone (0.1 muM caused a stimulatory response in the incorporation of [125I]iododeoxyuridine and in cell division, despite a depleted polyamine content and low ornithine decarboxylase activity in the cultured tissue.

scholarly journals Polyamine synthesis in bone marrow granulocytes: effect of cell maturity and early changes following an inflammatory stimulus

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029
Author(s):  
WH Evans ◽  
CK Grieshaber ◽  
WC Miller ◽  
SM Wilson ◽  
HA Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Stimulus ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow Granulocytes

Enriched fractions of mature and immature neutrophil granulocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content. The results show that immature granulocytes contain at least ten times more ornithine decarboxylase activity and two times more spermidine than mature granulocytes. The incorporation of 14C-ornithine into putrescine and spermidine of intact immature granulocytes was three to four times and ten times, respectively, that of mature granulocyte preparations. Six hours after an inflammatory stimulus, transient increases of 14-fold and 3-fold in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl- L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively, were observed in immature bone marrow granulocytes. At this time the incorporation of 14C- ornithine into putrescine and spermidine in bone marrow granulocytes from stimulated animals was 14 times that of cells from controls. A maximum increase in DNA synthesis in these cells during the inflammatory response occurred 6 hr after the maximum increase in the polyamine synthetic activity. Together these data suggest that polyamine synthesis in the granulocyte compartment of the bone marrow is associated chiefly with immature proliferating cells and that increased polyamine synthesis precedes increased granulocyte proliferation in the bone marrow following an inflammatory stimulus.

scholarly journals Polyamine synthesis in bone marrow granulocytes: effect of cell maturity and early changes following an inflammatory stimulus

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Evans ◽  
CK Grieshaber ◽  
WC Miller ◽  
SM Wilson ◽  
HA Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Stimulus ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow Granulocytes

Abstract Enriched fractions of mature and immature neutrophil granulocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content. The results show that immature granulocytes contain at least ten times more ornithine decarboxylase activity and two times more spermidine than mature granulocytes. The incorporation of 14C-ornithine into putrescine and spermidine of intact immature granulocytes was three to four times and ten times, respectively, that of mature granulocyte preparations. Six hours after an inflammatory stimulus, transient increases of 14-fold and 3-fold in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl- L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively, were observed in immature bone marrow granulocytes. At this time the incorporation of 14C- ornithine into putrescine and spermidine in bone marrow granulocytes from stimulated animals was 14 times that of cells from controls. A maximum increase in DNA synthesis in these cells during the inflammatory response occurred 6 hr after the maximum increase in the polyamine synthetic activity. Together these data suggest that polyamine synthesis in the granulocyte compartment of the bone marrow is associated chiefly with immature proliferating cells and that increased polyamine synthesis precedes increased granulocyte proliferation in the bone marrow following an inflammatory stimulus.

scholarly journals Effects of aliphatic diamines on rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Pegg ◽  
C Conover ◽  
A Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

Rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity was decreased by administration of putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) or other diamines, including 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane. This effect was seen in control rats and in rats in which hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity had been increased by administration of growth hormone (somatotropin) or thioacetamide. Loss of activity was not dependent on the conversion of putrescine into polyamines and was short-lived. Within 6h after intraperitoneal administration of 0.8 mmol/kg body wt., ornithine decarboxylase activity had returned to normal values. This return correlated with the rapid loss of the diamines from the liver, and the decrease in activity could be slightly prolonged by treatment with aminoguanidine, a diamine oxidase inhibitor. A decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity by these diamines was accompanied by the accumulation in the liver of a nondiffusible inhibitor that decreased the activity of a purified ornithine decarboxylase preparation. The possibility that administration of non-physiological diamines that are not converted into polyamines might be useful for the inhibition of polyamine synthesis is discussed.

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