scholarly journals Characteristics of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a regulatory enzyme in the glyoxylate pathway of glycine and serine biosynthesis from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates

1985 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Takada ◽  
T Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Glyoxylate Aminotransferase ◽  
Serine Biosynthesis ◽  
Glyoxylate Pathway

Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44), which is involved in the glyoxylate pathway of glycine and serine biosynthesis from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was highly purified and characterized. The enzyme had Mr about 80 000, with two identical subunits. It was highly specific for L-alanine and glyoxylate and contained pyridoxal 5′-phosphate as cofactor. The apparent Km values were 2.1 mM and 0.7 mM for L-alanine and glyoxylate respectively. The activity was low (10 nmol/min per mg of protein) with glucose as sole carbon source, but was remarkably high with ethanol or acetate as carbon source (930 and 430 nmol/min per mg respectively). The transamination of glyoxylate is mainly catalysed by this enzyme in ethanol-grown cells. When glucose-grown cells were incubated in medium containing ethanol as sole carbon source, the activity markedly increased, and the increase was completely blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that the enzyme is synthesized de novo during the incubation period. Similarity in the amino acid composition was observed, but immunological cross-reactivity was not observed among alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferases from yeast and vertebrate liver.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functional citrate synthase genes

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1936-1942
Author(s):  
K S Kim ◽  
M S Rosenkrantz ◽  
L Guarente
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Nonfermentable Carbon Source

The tricarboxylic acid cycle occurs within the mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nuclear gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme citrate synthase has previously been isolated (M. Suissa, K. Suda, and G. Schatz, EMBO J. 3:1773-1781, 1984) and is referred to here as CIT1. We report here the isolation, by an immunological method, of a second nuclear gene encoding citrate synthase (CIT2). Disruption of both genes in the yeast genome was necessary to produce classical citrate synthase-deficient phenotypes: glutamate auxotrophy and poor growth on rich medium containing lactate, a nonfermentable carbon source. Therefore, the citrate synthase produced from either gene was sufficient for these metabolic roles. Transcription of both genes was maximally repressed in medium containing both glucose and glutamate. However, transcription of CIT1 but not of CIT2 was derepressed in medium containing a nonfermentable carbon source. The significance of the presence of two genes encoding citrate synthase in S. cerevisiae is discussed.

Utilization of fructose and glutamate by Rhodospirillum rubrum

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Gibson ◽  
Chih H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Rhodospirillum Rubrum ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Glycolytic Pathway ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Acid Cycle

Fructose served as sole carbon source for the growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum anaerobically under light or aerobically in the dark while glucose did not. Glucose was not utilized by the organism at all. Radiorespirometric studies, using 14C specifically labelled fructose as substrate, revealed that fructose is catabolized exclusively via the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway. Both L-glutamic and D-glutamic acids can be utilized by this organism, via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathway, under either aerobic-dark or anaerobic-light conditions.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functional citrate synthase genes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1936-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Kim ◽  
M S Rosenkrantz ◽  
L Guarente
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Nonfermentable Carbon Source

The tricarboxylic acid cycle occurs within the mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nuclear gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme citrate synthase has previously been isolated (M. Suissa, K. Suda, and G. Schatz, EMBO J. 3:1773-1781, 1984) and is referred to here as CIT1. We report here the isolation, by an immunological method, of a second nuclear gene encoding citrate synthase (CIT2). Disruption of both genes in the yeast genome was necessary to produce classical citrate synthase-deficient phenotypes: glutamate auxotrophy and poor growth on rich medium containing lactate, a nonfermentable carbon source. Therefore, the citrate synthase produced from either gene was sufficient for these metabolic roles. Transcription of both genes was maximally repressed in medium containing both glucose and glutamate. However, transcription of CIT1 but not of CIT2 was derepressed in medium containing a nonfermentable carbon source. The significance of the presence of two genes encoding citrate synthase in S. cerevisiae is discussed.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID AND GLYOXYLATE CYCLES STUDIED WITH BACTERIAL AUXOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Reeves ◽  
Samuel J. Ajl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Glyoxylate Bypass ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetate Medium ◽  
Metabolic Significance

An autotroph of Escherichia coli, E26-6, which is unable to grow aerobically in a simple mineral-salts medium with either acetate, glutamate, isocitrate, or any one of the C4 dicarboxylic acid intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as sole carbon source, has been investigated. The mutant is able to grow, however, in a mineral-salts acetate medium supplemented with any one of the above acids. The specific activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass enzymes, with the exception of alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase, which is greatly impaired in the auxotroph, were found to be essentially the same in both the parent and the mutant. Thus, the glyoxylate bypass alone is not capable of supplying sufficient C4 intermediates to allow the growth of E. coli on acetate. Further, there appear to be no other metabolic pathways leading to C4 production, which are of major metabolic significance during growth on acetate, other than the tricarboxylic and glyoxylate cycles. Finally, in conjunction with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the malate synthetase and isocitritase reactions provide a mechanism which enables E. coli to grow on a medium containing acetate as the sole carbon source.

CO2 fixation and metabolic control in Pseudomonas saccharophila

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250
Author(s):  
A. L. Donawa ◽  
M. Ishaque ◽  
M. I. H. Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Phosphorylated Sugars ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Glyoxylate Pathway ◽  
Pseudomonas Saccharophila

Hydrogen-dependent CO2-fixation experiments indicated the formation of several products including alanine, aspartate, phosphoglycerate, glutamate, and phosphorylated sugars by Pseudomonas saccharophila. The enzymes that are involved in the fixation are carboxydismutase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and the malic enzyme. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, ribulose 5-phosphokinase, and ribose 5-phosphoisomerase show decreased activity whereas most of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and NADH oxidase show increased activity in heterotrophically grown cells. The glyoxylate pathway and permeases specific for the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates also vary in levels of activity according to the mode of growth. Although the oxygen tension appears to have an effect on enzyme levels during growth, the carbon source seems to be more important.

Glucose metabolism and pyruvate excretion by Streptomyces alboniger

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Surowitz ◽  
Robert M. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolite ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Glycolytic Activity

The formation of aerial mycelia and spores by Streptomyces alboniger has been observed to be inhibited by glucose supplied in the growth medium as the sole carbon source or supplied in combination with other utilizable carbon sources. Analysis of the metabolism of radiolabelled mannose and sucrose in the presence and absence of glucose demonstrated that glucose functions as the preferred carbon source, inhibiting the uptake and oxidation of the sugars within 15 min of its addition. The inhibition of aerial mycelium formation was shown to result from the excretion of an acidic metabolite, and could be overcome by the addition of a buffering system. The acid metabolite was identified as pyruvic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography and by paper chromatography. Acid was not produced in substantial quantities in dextrin broth or in glucose broth supplemented with 5 mM adenine. Analysis of the pathway of pyruvate overproduction demonstrated that growth on glucose resulted in increased glycolytic activity, relative to the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle on this substrate, while growth on dextrin or glucose supplemented with 5 mM adenine resulted in balanced glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle activities.

scholarly journals Triheptanoin partially restores levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie G. Hadera ◽  
Olav B. Smeland ◽  
Tanya S. McDonald ◽  
Kah Ni Tan ◽  
Ursula Sonnewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Pilocarpine Model ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

scholarly journals Metabolic phases during the development of granulation tissue

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Lampiaho ◽  
E. Kulonen
Keyword(s):  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Observation Period

1. The metabolism of incubated slices of sponge-induced granulation tissue, harvested 4–90 days after the implantation, was studied with special reference to the capacity of collagen synthesis and to the energy metabolism. Data are also given on the nucleic acid contents during the observation period. Three metabolic phases were evident. 2. The viability of the slices for the synthesis of collagen was studied in various conditions. Freezing and homogenization destroyed the capacity of the tissue to incorporate proline into collagen. 3. Consumption of oxygen reached the maximum at 30–40 days. There was evidence that the pentose phosphate cycle was important, especially during the phases of the proliferation and the involution. The formation of lactic acid was maximal at about 20 days. 4. The capacity to incorporate proline into collagen hydroxyproline in vitro was limited to a relatively short period at 10–30 days. 5. The synthesis of collagen was dependent on the supply of oxygen and glucose, which latter could be replaced in the incubation medium by other monosaccharides but not by the metabolites of glucose or tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates.

The Ethylmalonyl-CoA Pathway for Methane-based Biorefineries: A Case Study of Using Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, an Alpha-proteobacterial Methanotroph, for Producing 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid and 1,3-Butanediol from Methane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Hoang Anh Mai ◽  
Thu Thi Nguyen ◽  
Eun Yeol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium Ob3b ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Hydroxyisobutyric Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria

The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway is one of three known anaplerotic pathways that replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and plays a major role in the carbon metabolism of many alpha-proteobacteria including Methylosinus...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document