scholarly journals Protein kinase C does not phosphorylate the externalized form of the transferrin receptor

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Adam ◽  
R M Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Exogenous Protein ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Receptor Pool

We have investigated the phosphorylation of transferrin receptors both in intact sheep reticulocytes and in isolated plasma membranes. Phosphorylation of the receptor in intact cells or isolated plasma membranes is stimulated by phorbol diesters, suggesting that protein kinase C may be involved. Identical [32P] phosphopeptide tryptic maps are formed in the presence and absence of phorbol diesters. Using heat-treated membranes (which are devoid of endogenous kinase activity) exogenous protein kinase C phosphorylates the same peptides as the endogenous kinase(s). During maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes, the transferrin receptor is released to the medium in vesicular form. In cells labelled with [32P]Pi, the released receptor is not labelled with 32P and the exocytosed vesicles do not phosphorylate receptor with [gamma-32P]ATP. The absence of 32P in the released receptor appears to be due to a change in the receptor, since, even in the presence of exogenous protein kinase C, the exocytosed receptor is phosphorylated to approximately 8% of the level obtained with receptors from the plasma membrane. These data suggest that during maturation and externalization the receptor is altered so that it loses its capacity to act as a substrate for exogenous protein kinase C as well as the endogenous kinase(s). This change may be a signal which segregates the receptor for externalization from the receptor pool remaining for transferrin recycling during the final stages of red cell maturation.

scholarly journals Identification of Key Phospholipids That Bind and Activate Atypical PKCs

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Suresh Velnati ◽  
Sara Centonze ◽  
Federico Girivetto ◽  
Daniela Capello ◽  
Ricardo M. Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Atypical Protein Kinase C ◽  
Atypical Protein Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4

PKCζ and PKCι/λ form the atypical protein kinase C subgroup, characterised by a lack of regulation by calcium and the neutral lipid diacylglycerol. To better understand the regulation of these kinases, we systematically explored their interactions with various purified phospholipids using the lipid overlay assays, followed by kinase activity assays to evaluate the lipid effects on their enzymatic activity. We observed that both PKCζ and PKCι interact with phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine. Conversely, PKCι is unique in binding also to phosphatidylinositol-monophosphates (e.g., phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, 4-phosphate, and 5-phosphate). Moreover, we observed that phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate specifically activates PKCι, while both isoforms are responsive to phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine. Overall, our results suggest that atypical Protein kinase C (PKC) localisation and activity are regulated by membrane lipids distinct from those involved in conventional PKCs and unveil a specific regulation of PKCι by phosphatidylinositol-monophosphates.

Regulation of protein kinase C activity in neuronal differentiation induced by the N-ras oncogene in PC-12 cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2983-2990
Author(s):  
J C Lacal ◽  
A Cuadrado ◽  
J E Jones ◽  
R Trotta ◽  
D E Burstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Ras Oncogene ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Ras P21

Expression of the N-ras oncogene under the control of the glucocorticoid-responsive promoter in the pheochromocytoma cell line UR61, a subline of PC-12 cells, has been used to investigate the differentiation process to neuronal cells triggered by ras oncogenes (I. Guerrero, A. Pellicer, and D. E. Burstein, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150:1185-1192, 1988). Using ras-inducible cell lines, we observed that expression of the oncogenic N-ras p21 protein interferes with the ability of phorbol esters to induce downregulation of protein kinase C. This effect was associated with the appearance of immunologically detectable protein kinase C as well as the activity of the enzyme as analyzed either by binding of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate in intact cells or by in vitro kinase activity. These results indicate a relationship between ras p21 and protein kinase C in neuronal differentiation in this model system. Comparison to the murine fibroblast system suggests that this relationship may be functional.

scholarly journals Phorbol ester treatment increases the exocytic rate of the transferrin receptor recycling pathway independent of serine-24 phosphorylation.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E McGraw ◽  
K W Dunn ◽  
F R Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Recycling Pathway

In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells the protein kinase C activating phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), stimulates an increase in cell surface transferrin receptor (TR) expression by increasing the exocytic rate of the recycling pathway. The human TR expressed in CHO cells is similarly affected by PMA treatment. A mutant human TR in which the major protein kinase C phosphorylation site, serine 24, has been replaced with the non-phosphorylatable amino acid glycine has been constructed to investigate the role of receptor phosphorylation in the PMA induced up-regulation. The Gly-24-substituted receptor binds, internalizes, and recycles Tf. Furthermore, the altered receptor mediates cellular Fe accumulation from diferric-Tf, thereby fulfilling the receptor's major biological role. The Gly-24 TR behaves identically to the wild-type TR when cells are treated with PMA. Therefore, Ser-24 phosphorylation is not required for the PMA-induced redistribution of the human TR expressed in CHO cells. The increased TR expression on the cell surface after PMA treatment results from an increase in the rate of exocytosis of the recycling receptors. No change in the endocytic rate or the size of the recycling receptor pool was observed. These results indicate that the PMA effect on the TR surface expression may result from a more general perturbation of membrane trafficking rather than a specific modulation of the TR.

Chlorpromazine is unable to block the protein kinase C translocation to human platelet plasma membranes stimulated by phorbol ester

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO FONT ◽  
AIDA MARINO ◽  
JAVIER IBARRONDO ◽  
MIGUEL TRUEBA ◽  
JOSE M. MACARULLA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Kinase C

Protein kinase C and progesterone-induced maturation in Xenopus oocytes

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
R.L. Varnold ◽  
L.D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Protein Kinase C Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activity ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Dependent Protein

Though progesterone-induced maturation has been studied extensively in Xenopus oocytes, the mechanism whereby the prophase block arrest is released is not well understood. The current hypothesis suggests that a reduction in cAMP and subsequent inactivation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is responsible for reentry into the cell cycle. However, several lines of evidence indicate that maturation can be induced without a concomitant reduction in cAMP. We show that the mass of diacylglycerol in whole oocytes and plasma membranes decreases 29% and 10% respectively, within the first 15 sec after the addition of progesterone. Diacylglycerol in plasma membranes further decreased 59% by 5 min. We also show that the protein kinase C inhibitors sphingosine and staurosporine can induce oocyte maturation. In addition, the synthetic diglyceride, DiC8, and microinjected PKC can inhibit or delay progesterone-induced maturation. These results together suggest that a transient decrease in protein kinase C activity may regulate entry into the cell cycle. The mechanism whereby DAG is decreased in response to progesterone is unclear. Initial studies show that progesterone leads to a decrease in IP3 suggesting that progesterone may act by reducing the hydrolysis of PIP2. On the other hand, progesterone caused a decrease in the amount of [3H]arachidonate labelling in DAG during the same time suggesting that progesterone may stimulate lipase activity. The relationship between postulated changes in the PKC pathway and those hypothesized for the PKA pathway are discussed.

Protein kinase C mediates cholinergically regulated protein phosphorylation in a Cl(-)-secreting epithelium

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. C227-C233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
T84 Cells ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Prominent Response

T84 cell monolayers were used to study the cholinergic regulation of protein phosphorylation in epithelial cells. When T84 cell monolayers are labeled with 32Pi and stimulated with carbachol, six proteins exhibit altered phosphorylation. The most prominent response is a fivefold increase in labeling of p83, an acidic protein of Mr 83,000. Increasing labeling of p83 parallels stimulated secretion with respect to the onset of agonist action, agonist potency, and antagonism by atropine. However, the p83 and secretory responses differ in that the p83 response is more sustained. When T84 cell fractions are incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, Ca2(+)-phospholipid stimulates p83 labeling. Phosphorylation of p83 also occurs when a T84 cell extract is incubated with purified protein kinase C and when intact cells are exposed to phorbol myristate acetate. p83 does not become phosphorylated in cell fractions incubated with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or in monolayers stimulated with agonists acting via cAMP. Thus carbachol stimulates the phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate for protein kinase C in T84 cells. The duration of this phosphorylation response suggests that protein kinase C may mediate a sustained response to carbachol, possibly acting to limit the duration of stimulated secretion.

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