scholarly journals Expression of an acidic isoform of calponin in rat brain: western blots on one- or two-dimensional gels and immunolocalization in cultured cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Trabelsi-Terzidis ◽  
A Fattoum ◽  
A Represa ◽  
F Dessi ◽  
Y Ben-Ari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Calponin, an actin- and Ca(2+)-calmodulin-binding protein characterized as an inhibitory factor of the smooth-muscle actomyosin activity, has also been shown to be present in some non-muscle cells. However, there is a controversy as to whether calponin is present or not in brain. Several laboratories indicate that this protein is absent in chicken or bovine brains, while Applegate et al. [Applegate, Feng, Green and Taubman (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10683-10690] have recently reported the identification of an mRNA specific for a 36 kDa non-muscle calponin analogue in homogenates of rat brains. For the first time we demonstrate, by Western blots and in situ immunofluorescence localization using monoclonal as well as affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to gizzard calponin, that a 36-37 kDa and a 35-36 kDa calponin-like proteins are expressed respectively in pig and rat brains and in rat cerebellar cultured cells. The acidic pI (5.2-5.4) of the rat brain protein revealed by isoelectric focusing is in good agreement with that of the protein coded for by the calponin isoform mRNA described by Applegate et al. and is different from that of the protein from chicken gizzard (pI 9.9). Brain calponin-like protein is different from two other Ca(2+)-calmodulin-binding proteins previously identified in brain, namely caldesmon and adducin, and from tropomyosin.

Gas Phase and Surface Reactions in Mocvd of GaAs from Triethylgallium, Trimethylgallium, and Organometallic Arsenic Precursors

1988 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Omstead ◽  
Penny M. Van Sickle ◽  
Klavs F. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Surface Reactions ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Heated Zone ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe growth of GaAs from triethylgallium (TEG) and trimethylgallium (TMG) with tertiarybutylarsine (tBAs), triethylarsenic (TEAs), and trimethylarsenic (TMAs), has been investigated by using a reactor equipped with a recording microbalance for in situ rate measurements. Rate data show that the growth with these precursors is dominated by the formation of adduct compounds in the gas lines, by adduct related parasitic gas phase reactions in the heated zone, and by the surface reactions. A model is proposed for the competition between deposition reactions and the parasitic gas phase reactions. Model predictions are in very good agreement with experimental data for all combinations of precursors except for TEG/TMAs where extensive gallium droplet formation is observed at low temperatures. Growth of reasonable quality GaAs with Hall mobilities of 7600 cm2/Vs at 77 K using TEG and tBAs is reported for the first time.

scholarly journals Estimation of ship emission rates at a major shipping lane by long path DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Krause ◽  
Folkard Wittrock ◽  
Andreas Richter ◽  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
Denis Pöhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Gaussian Plume ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ship Emission

Abstract. Ships are an important source of SO2 and NOx, which are key parameters of air quality. Monitoring of ship emissions is usually carried out using in situ instruments on land, which depend on favourable wind conditions to transport the emitted substances to the measurement site. Remote sensing techniques such as long path DOAS (LP-DOAS) measurements can supplement those measurements, especially in unfavourable meteorological conditions. In this study one year of LP-DOAS measurements made across the river Elbe close to Hamburg (Germany) have been evaluated. Peaks (i.e. elevated concentrations) in the NO2 and SO2 time series were assigned to passing ships and a method to derive emission rates of SO2, NO2 and NOx from those measurements using a Gaussian plume model is presented. 7402 individual ship passages have been monitored and their respective NOx, SO2 and NO2 emission rates have been derived. The emission rates, coupled with the knowledge of the ship type, ship size and ship speed have been analysed. Emission rates are compared to emission factors from previous studies and show good agreement. In contrast to emission factors (in gram per kilogram fuel) the derived emission rates (in gram per second) do not need further knowledge about the fuel consumption of the ship. To our knowledge this is the first time emission rates of air pollutants from individual ships have been derived from LP-DOAS measurements.

scholarly journals A method for monitoring hydrological conditions beneath herbaceous wetlands using multi-temporal ALOS PALSAR coherence data

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W4 ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
B. Tian ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
J. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Effective Area ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Reed marshes, the world’s most widespread type of wetland vegetation, are undergoing major changes as a result of climate changes and human activities. The presence or absence of water in reed marshes has a significant impact on the whole ecosystem and remains a key indicator to identify the effective area of a wetland and help estimate the degree of degeneration. Past studies have demonstrated the use of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to map water-level changes for flooded reeds. However, the identification of the different hydrological states of reed marshes is often poorly understood. The analysis given in this paper shows that L-band interferometric coherence is very sensitive to the water surface conditions beneath reed marshes and so can be used as classifier. A method based on a statistical analysis of the coherence distributions for wet and dry reeds using InSAR pairs was, therefore, investigated in this study. The experimental results were validated by in-situ data and showed very good agreement. This is the first time that information about the water cover under herbaceous wetlands has been derived using interferometric coherence values. This method can also effectively and easily be applied to monitor the hydrological conditions beneath other herbaceous wetlands.

scholarly journals Estimation of ship emission rates at a major shipping lane by long-path DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5791-5807
Author(s):  
Kai Krause ◽  
Folkard Wittrock ◽  
Andreas Richter ◽  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
Denis Pöhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Gaussian Plume ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ship Emission

Abstract. Ships are an important source of SO2 and NOx, which are key parameters of air quality. Monitoring of ship emissions is usually carried out using in situ instruments on land, which depend on favourable wind conditions to transport the emitted substances to the measurement site. Remote sensing techniques such as long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) measurements can supplement those measurements, especially in unfavourable meteorological conditions. In this study 1 year of LP-DOAS measurements made across the river Elbe close to Hamburg (Germany) have been evaluated. Peaks (i.e. elevated concentrations) in the NO2 and SO2 time series were assigned to passing ships, and a method to derive emission rates of SO2, NO2 and NOx from those measurements using a Gaussian plume model is presented. A total of 7402 individual ship passages have been monitored, and their respective NOx, SO2 and NO2 emission rates have been derived. The emission rates, coupled with the knowledge of the ship type, ship size and ship speed, have been analysed. Emission rates are compared to emission factors from previous studies and show good agreement. In contrast to emission factors (in grams per kilogram fuel), the derived emission rates (in grams per second) do not need further knowledge about the fuel consumption of the ship. To our knowledge this is the first time emission rates of air pollutants from individual ships have been derived from LP-DOAS measurements.

scholarly journals Shifting into high gear: how interstitial cells of Cajal change the motility pattern of the developing intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (4) ◽  
pp. G519-G528
Author(s):  
Nicolas R. Chevalier ◽  
Yanis Ammouche ◽  
Anthony Gomis ◽  
Clémence Teyssaire ◽  
Pascal de Santa Barbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Anoctamin 1 ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
First Time

We reveal a sharp transition from smooth muscle to interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-driven motility in the chicken embryo, leading to higher-frequency, more rhythmic contractile waves. We predict the transition to happen between 12 and 14 embryonic wk in humans. We image for the first time the onset of ICC activity in an embryonic gut by calcium imaging. We show the first KIT and anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in situ hybridization micrographs in the embryonic chicken gut.

Two-Dimensional Study of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Natural Convection Loop

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mertol ◽  
R. Greif ◽  
Y. Zvirin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

A study has been made of the heat transfer and fluid flow in a natural convection loop. Previous studies of these systems have utilized a one-dimensional approach which requires a priori specifications of the friction and the heat-transfer coefficients. The present work carries out a two-dimensional analysis for the first time. The results yield the friction and the heat-transfer coefficients and give their variation along the loop with the Graetz number as a parameter. Comparison is also made with experimental data for the heat flux and good agreement is obtained.

scholarly journals Identification, localization, and primary structure of CAP-23, a particle-bound cytosolic protein of early development.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3035-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Widmer ◽  
P Caroni
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Cytosolic Protein ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Spotted Pattern

We report the identification of CAP-23, a novel particle-bound cytosolic protein associated with developing cells in both mammalian and avian tissues. CAP-23 was a substrate for purified protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro, and the protein was phosphorylated in a PMA-sensitive manner in cultured cells, indicating that it is a PKC substrate in situ. cDNA coding for chick CAP-23 was isolated. The deduced sequence revealed an unusual amino acid composition that strikingly resembled that of rat GAP-43, a growth-associated neuron-specific PKC substrate. Further predicted features of CAP-23 included a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-6, and the presence of basic NH2- and COOH-terminal domains. CAP-23 was encoded by an mRNA of approximately 1.5 kb, whose distribution during chick development resembled that of the corresponding protein. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of a single main hybridizing species in the chick genome. The distribution of CAP-23 during development was analyzed with Western blots and by immunofluorescence on tissue sections. In cultured cells the protein appeared to be distributed in a regular spotted pattern below the entire cell surface. In early chick embryos (E2), CAP-23 was present in most if not all cells. The protein then became progressively restricted to only some developing tissues and to only certain cells in these tissues. In most tissues CAP-23 levels fell below detection limits between E15 and E19. Highest levels of the protein were found in the nervous system, where CAP-23 levels peaked around E18, and where elevated levels were still detectable at birth.

scholarly journals Antibodies against erythrocyte Ca2+-transport ATPase specifically inhibit the calmodulin-dependent fraction of the enzyme's activity

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gietzen ◽  
J Kolandt
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Transport Atpase ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Muscle Plasma Membrane

Antibodies against purified Ca2+-transport ATPase from human erythrocytes were raised in rabbits. Immunodiffusion experiments revealed that precipitating antibodies had been developed. The immunoglobulin fraction inhibited solely the calmodulin-dependent fraction of erythrocyte Ca2+-transport ATPase activity, whereas the basal (in the absence of added calmodulin) activity of the enzyme was not significantly affected by the antibodies. The antibodies produced similar doseresponse curves for the calmodulin- and the oleic acid-stimulated enzyme. However, the immunoglobulin fraction was considerably less effective in inhibiting Ca2+-transport ATPase activated by limited proteolysis. The results obtained with our antibodies are compatible with the interpretation that at least one subpopulation of the antibodies attacks the enzyme at or close to the calmodulin-binding site of the ATPase. The antibodies also inhibited the calmodulin-regulated Ca2+-transport ATPase from pig smooth-muscle plasma membrane, though with lower potency. However, the immunoglobulin fraction failed to suppress pig cardiac sarcoplasmicreticulum Ca2+-transport ATPase activity in the concentration range investigated. In addition, the activity of phosphodiesterase from rat brain, another enzyme modulated by calmodulin, was not at all affected by the immunoglobulin fraction.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED-LIGHT PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES ON SURFACES

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ENOMOTO ◽  
Y. MIYATAKE ◽  
K. FUKUMOTO ◽  
A. KOBAYASHI ◽  
K. HATTORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Emission Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Angle Dependence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Circular dichroism has been measured in the photoelectron diffraction of bulk W 4f photoelectrons from the W(110)(1×1) clean surface. The forward focusing peaks along the symmetric axis in the diffraction pattern showed an azimuthal rotation similar to those reported in a prior experiment on Si(001) and chemically shifted W 4f photoelectrons from the W(110)(1×1)-O surface. The emission angle dependence of the rotation angles has been measured and analyzed for the first time and the angles observed are in good agreement with those calculated using the formula Δ ϕ=m/kR sin 2θ derived previously by Daimon et al. [Jpn. J. Phys.32, L1480 (1993)] considering the angular dependence of m. This property gives a basis for the analysis of structure or various magnetic and electronic properties on surfaces.

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