Potential use of stem cells from bone marrow to repair the extracellular matrix and the central nervous system

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Prockop ◽  
S. A. Azizi ◽  
D. Colter ◽  
C. DiGirolamo ◽  
G. Kopen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Potential Use

A subset of stem-like cells from bone marrow that are referred to as marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to be capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, astrocytes and perhaps neurons. Recently, conditions have been developed where human MSCs can be expanded almost without limit in culture without apparently losing their multi-potentiality for differentiation. The cells appear to be potentially useful for the repair of extracellular matrix and the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Primary Human Brain Tumours: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Rutka ◽  
Craig A. Myatt ◽  
Jane R. Giblin ◽  
Richard L. Davis ◽  
Mark L. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain Tumours

Abstract:Using immunohistochemical techniques, we localized several glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix in paraffin-embedded sections of 4 normal brain and 38 primary intracranial tumour specimens. All specimens were positively immunostained to various degrees by monoclonal antibodies to type IV collagen and procollagen III and by antisera to laminin and fibronectin. Staining was consistently most intense at sites of contact between neuroepithelial and mesenchymal or leptomeningeal elements; there was no demonstrable staining within or between neuroepithelial elements in the neuropil. Tumour cells from meningiomas and from the sarcomatous portion of a gliosarcoma were positively immunostained for fibronectin and laminin. The integrity of the glial limitans externa was demonstrated by the positive linear reaction product produced by immunostains for type IV collagen and laminin, even in the most malignant gliomas. The deposition of extracellular matrix glycoproteins at the glial-mesenchymal interface observed in this study of primary human brain tumours is a manifestation of one of the interactions between tumour and stromal cells in the central nervous system. A loss of coordination and an alteration in the interactions between epithelial cells and stromal cells across extracellular matrices such as basement membranes are thought to be fundamental steps in the development and progression of cancer. Further characterization studies focusing on other markers of the extracellular matrix are needed to elucidate completely the function of this structure in the central nervous system.

Bone marrow stromal cells promoting corticospinal axon growth through the release of humoral factors in organotypic cocultures in neonatal rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naosuke Kamei ◽  
Nobuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Yosuke Oishi ◽  
Masakazu Ishikawa ◽  
Takahiko Hamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Humoral Factors

Object The transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is considered to be an alternative treatment to promote central nervous system regeneration, but the precise mechanisms of this regeneration after transplantation of BMSCs have not been clarified. In the present study, the authors assessed the effects of BMSC transplantation on corticospinal axon growth quantitatively, and they analyzed the mechanism of central nervous system regeneration in the injured and BMSC-treated spinal cord using the organotypic coculture system. Methods Bone marrow stromal cells derived from green fluorescent protein–expressing transgenic Sprague–Dawley rats were transplanted to the organotypic coculture system in which brain cortex and spinal cord specimens obtained in neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were used. The axon growth from the cortex to the spinal cord was assessed quantitatively, using anterograde tracing with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate. To identify the differentiation of transplanted BMSCs, immunohistochemical examinations were performed. In addition, BMSCs were analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mRNA expression of the growth factors. The transplantation of BMSCs beneath the membrane, where the transplanted cells did not come into direct contact with the cultured tissue, promoted corticospinal axon growth to the same extent as transplantation of BMSCs on the tissues. The RT-PCR showed that the transplanted BMSCs expressed the mRNA of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusions These findings strongly suggest that humoral factors expressed by BMSCs, including BDNF and VEGF, participate in regeneration of the central nervous system after transplantation of these cells.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

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