Trace elements and DNA damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

A number of studies (mainly in vitro and in vivo animal models) have examined the interaction of trace elements with DNA. Normal dietary levels of various trace elements are required to prevent the occurrence of oxidative damage, and deficiency may increase susceptibility. Conversely, overload of some trace elements, including copper and iron, has been demonstrated to result in adverse effects. However, under normal physiological conditions, such overloads are unlikely to occur.

scholarly journals Preclinical characterization of dostarlimab, a therapeutic anti-PD-1 antibody with potent activity to enhance immune function in in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models

mAbs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1954136
Author(s):  
Sujatha Kumar ◽  
Srimoyee Ghosh ◽  
Geeta Sharma ◽  
Zebin Wang ◽  
Marilyn R. Kehry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic Activity of Eugenia jambolana bark

2021 ◽  
pp. 3337-3342
Author(s):  
Bhong Prabha N. ◽  
Naikawade Nilofar. S. ◽  
Mali Pratibha. R. ◽  
Bindu Madhavi. S.
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Eugenia Jambolana ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Objectives: The present study designed to evaluate the Antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Eugenia Jambolana (AEEJ) on in vitro and in vivo animal models. Materials and methods: Different in vitro and in vivo animal models was used to study the anti asthmatic activity as isolated goat tracheal chain preparation, Acetylcholine and Histamine induced bronconstriction in guinea pigs, effect of drug extract on histamine release from mast cell was checked by clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation, and milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Results: In-vitro study on goat tracheal chain preparation revealed that aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana (AEEJ)bark exerted antagonistic effect on the histamine induced contraction. (P<0.05) The guinea pigs when exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol showed signs of progressive dyspnoea leading to convulsions. AEEJ significantly prolonged the latent period of convulsions (PCT) as compared to control following the exposure of histamine (0.2%) aerosol (P<0.01). The observation of present study indicates aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana shows significant inhibition of milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Group of animals pretreated with aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract showed significant reduction in degranulation of mast cells when challenged with clonidine. The prevention of degranulation process by the aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract (P<0.01) indicates a possible stabilizing effect on the mast cells, indicating mast cell stabilizing activity. Conclusions: Thus, AEEJ showed antihistaminic, mast cell stabilizing and protective in guinea pigs against histamine induced PCD, reduced eosinophilia and leukocytosis and hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.

scholarly journals In vivo animal models in periodontal research - focus on rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
E. I. Firkova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Large Species ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Data Translation ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models ◽  
Periodontal Research

Periodontal research has developed very fast in the last two decades. Although at this stage of science a lot of genetic and molecular-based trials are performed in order to elucidate the complex etiology, pathophysiology, biofilm-host interactions and responses on genetic and cellular level, in vivo animal models are still used. In many ways, in vivo experiments are superior to in vitro tests when the dynamics of the immune-inflammatory nature of the periodontal disease and peri-implantitis and the specific healing of soft and hard tissues is concerned. Screening the efficacy, mechanisms of action and application of different biomaterials requires in vivo experiments, be-fore the data translation to clinical settings. A number of small animals like rodents and large species like dogs and nonhuman primates are involved in periodontal research. As live creatures are used, the design of the studies must be well defined, with regard to the type of the animals, most suitable for the tested hypothesis, observation period, sample size, study power, critical size defects, and specific testing sites.

scholarly journals Past and Future of in-vitro and in-vivo Animal Models for Diabetes: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4s) ◽  
pp. s522-s530
Author(s):  
Hemlata Dewangan ◽  
Raj Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Shiv Shankar Shukla ◽  
Trilochan Satapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

scholarly journals Calorie Restriction Effect of Heat-Processed Onion Extract (ONI) Using In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ri Kang ◽  
Hwang-Yong Choi ◽  
Jung-Yun Lee ◽  
Soo Jang ◽  
Hanna Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

scholarly journals The Postprandial Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Pyridoxine and Its Derivatives Using In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Models

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuk Hwa Kim ◽  
Yu-Ri Kang ◽  
Jung-Yun Lee ◽  
Hung-Bae Chang ◽  
Ki Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models ◽  
Hyperglycemic Effect

scholarly journals P689Examination of radiation-induced heart damage using in vitro and in vivo animal models

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S126.2-S126
Author(s):  
L Kiscsatari ◽  
Z Varga ◽  
A Gorbe ◽  
N Morvay ◽  
B Kovari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Heart Damage ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Discovery, in vitro and in vivo Biology of c-mpl Ligand

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Sheridan ◽  
C. F. Toombs
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummarySince the announcement of the discovery of thrombopoietin in 1994, a tremendous amount of research has determined that recombinant c-mpl ligand (ML) is capable of producing the biological effects of a Meg-CSF and thrombopoietin. Thrombopoietin's effects include the stimulation of primitive hematopoietic stem cells, megakaryocyte progenitor cells, megakaryocyte production and maturation and leading to the formation of platelets both in vitro and in vivo. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia have yielded data which fore-shadows a beneficial effect of thrombopoietin in clinical thrombocytopenia. The signaling mechanisms transducing thrombopoietin's actions are currently under research but in progenitor cells most likely involve modulation of the expression of genes regulated by the Jak-STAT signaling pathways, given throm-bopoietin's similarity to erythropoietin. Remnants of the Janus kinase signaling system appear to be active in the platelet and mediate enhanced platelet aggre-gation in response to platelet agonists upon stimulation of the c-mpl receptor with ML. The observation of enhanced platelet aggregation in vitro has not translated to enhanced thrombosis in relevant in vivo animal models. Preliminary clinical reports are returning clear evidence that the lineage-dominant effects of rHuMGDF on megakaryocytopoiesis observed in experimental settings are also holding true in the clinic.

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