Neonatal encephalopathy: pre-clinical studies in neuroprotection

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyama D. Patel ◽  
Leslie Pierce ◽  
Amber J. Ciardiello ◽  
Susan J. Vannucci

Neonatal encephalopathy resulting from HI (hypoxia–ischaemia) continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and children, affecting 1–2/1000 live term births and up to 60% of pre-term births. In order to understand the pathophysiology of this insult, as well as design therapeutic interventions, it is important to establish a relevant animal model for pre-clinical studies. One of the most frequently used models of HI-induced brain damage in immature animals is the unilateral carotid ligation/hypoxia model, initially developed in our laboratory more than 30 years ago. The original model employed the postnatal day 7 rat, whose brain is representative of that of a late gestation, pre-term [32–36 weeks GA (gestational age)] human infant. We, and others, have employed this model to characterize the pathophysiological, biochemical/energetic and neuropathological events following HI, as well as the determination of the unique characteristics of the immature brain that define its vulnerability to, and outcome from, HI. In defining the cascade of events following HI, it has become possible to identify potential targets for intervention and neuroprotection. Currently, the only available therapeutic intervention for neonatal encephalopathy in the term asphyxiated infant is therapeutic hypothermia, although this must be initiated within 6 h of birth and is at best partially effective in moderately injured infants. Ongoing pre-clinical studies are necessary to determine the basis for the partial protection afforded by hypothermia as well as the design of adjunct therapies to improve the outcome. The present review highlights the importance of using a well-characterized and relevant animal model to continue to pursue translational research in neuroprotection for the infant brain.

2008 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Calloway ◽  
Loren G. Schultz ◽  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Robert L. Larson ◽  
Robert S. Youngquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2857-2859
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay ◽  
Luminita Radulescu ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Catalina Elena Lupusoru ◽  
...  

There is an increasing interest in the analysis of salivary biomarkers for medical practice. The objective of this article was to identify the specificity and sensitivity of quantification methods used in biosensors or portable devices for the determination of salivary cortisol and salivary a-amylase. There are no biosensors and portable devices for salivary amylase and cortisol that are used on a large scale in clinical studies. These devices would be useful in assessing more real-time psychological research in the future.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-702
Author(s):  
Sonia Talaat Hassib ◽  
Hanaa Abdelmenem Hashem ◽  
Marwa Ahmed Fouad ◽  
Nehal Essam Eldin Mohamed

Introduction: (COPD) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a partially reversible and treatable lung disease, characterized by progressive limitation of airflow. It is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Methods: An easy, precise and selective reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method, with stabilityindicating assay was established and validated for the determination of indacaterol maleate and glycopyrronium bromide in the mixture. In addition, a forced degradation study was performed for indacaterol maleate, comprised of hydrolysis by acid and base, degradation by oxidation and heat, and photo-degradation. Separation and forced degradation were done by isocratic elution using a reversed phase phenyl column and (methanol: phosphate buffer) at ratio (65:35, v/v) with 3.5 pH buffer as an eluent at 1 mL min-1 as a flow rate. Quantitation was accomplished using a UV detector at 210 nm. Results: The method showed good separation of glycopyrronium bromide, indacaterol maleate and its degradation products. Accuracy, linearity, and precision were acceptable over 10-160 µg mL-1 and 10- 80 µg mL-1 concentration range for indacaterol maleate and glycopyrronium bromide, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method does not require any previously done separation steps, making it applicable for the analysis of the drugs under investigation in their pharmaceutically marketed preparations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. 114118
Author(s):  
Deqing Xiao ◽  
Kah Hiing John Ling ◽  
Thomas Tarnowski ◽  
Rita Humeniuk ◽  
Polina German ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Faidon Brotzakis ◽  
Thomas Lohr ◽  
Michele Vendruscolo

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a highly infectious disease that is severely affecting our society and welfare systems. In order to develop therapeutic interventions against this...


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bodenstein ◽  
Stefan Boehme ◽  
Stephan Bierschock ◽  
Andreas Vogt ◽  
Matthias David ◽  
...  

Digestion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Stanghellini ◽  
David Armstrong ◽  
Hubert Mönnikes ◽  
Peter Berghöfer ◽  
Gudrun Gatz ◽  
...  

Pancreas ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vonlaufen ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
B. Daniel ◽  
S. Joshi ◽  
R. K. Kumar ◽  
...  

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S345-S355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Drake ◽  
Merle A. Sande

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Y. Chan ◽  
P. C. Reade

Wistar Shionogi rats of the ( od/od) substrain with the osteogenic disorder are unable to synthesize L-ascorbic acid ( L-AA) and appear to be an appropriate animal model for studying the effect of L-AA in carcinogenesis. To determine the minimal L-AA requirements of these animals for prolonged survival in a satisfactory physical condition during experimentation, four concentrations of L-AA (0.33 g/l, 0.67 g/l, 1.67 g/l and 3.33 g/l) were administered via drinking water to four groups of animals ( n=2). Their water intake per cage was recorded three times weekly and the plasma L-AA levels were determined at the start, after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and at the termination of the experiment. To simulate the procedures to be undertaken in oral mucosal carcinogenesis experiments, the animals were gently restrained and a designated amount of sterile NaCl was applied to the palatal mucosa three times a week for 26 weeks. The L-AA supplement group with the lowest concentration (0.33 g/l L-AA) achieved mean plasma levels of 7 ± 1.38 μM, approximately one-eighth that of the normal level (mean plasma L-AA level in outbred Wistar rats was found to be 58 ± 3 μM) whilst those in the higher supplement group (3.33 g/l L-AA) achieved a mean of 18 ± 1.25 μM. All of the animals employed in the present study survived for 26 weeks and showed no clinical signs of L-AA deficiency during this period.


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