Prazosin and Hydrallazine in the Treatment of Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 617s-619s ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Kincaid-Smith ◽  
A. S. P. Hua ◽  
J. B. Myers ◽  
Ileene Macdonald ◽  
P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Supine Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. Two vasodilators, prazosin and hydrallazine, have been compared in three double-blind cross-over studies designed to test their effect when used in combination with a β-adrenoceptor-blocking agent and a thiazide. 2. Single doses of 3 mg of prazosin or 75 mg of hydrallazine were administered to patients whose blood pressures remained uncontrolled on a thiazide and a β-adrenoceptor-blocking agent. Both agents produced significant falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure apparent at 1 h. The effects of prazosin persisted for 6–7 h and those of hydrallazine for 4–6 h. Tachycardia was more marked and more prolonged after hydrallazine and continued after the blood pressure had risen to base-line levels or above. 3. In 6 week and 12 week double-blind cross-over studies, mean falls in blood pressure were similar with prazosin and hydrallazine. Similar falls in the supine diastolic blood pressure were achieved with 1 mg of prazosin and 20 mg of hydrallazine, but for a given fall in supine diastolic blood pressure, prazosin produced a significantly lower standing diastolic blood pressure. 4. Severe side effects were more pronounced after hydrallazine, which necessitated withdrawal of seven patients, whereas only one patient on prazosin withdrew from the trial because of side effects.

Antihypertensive Efficacy and Safe Use of Once-Daily Sustained-Release Diltiazem in the Elderly: A Comparison with Captopril

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nicaise ◽  
E Neveux ◽  
P Blondin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Supine Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters

The efficacy and safety of sustained-release diltiazem, 200 – 300 mg once daily was compared with that of captopril, 12.5 – 25 mg twice-daily, in 100 elderly patients (65 – 85 years old) with mild to moderate essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure 95 – 115 mmHg). All patients received placebo for 2 weeks, followed by an 8-week double-blind period, and were randomized to either diltiazem ( n = 50) or captopril ( n = 50). Their blood pressure was measured at trough level at week 4 immediately before dosing, i.e. 24 h post diltiazem dose or 12 h post captopril dose. Also at week 4, in non-responders, diltiazem was increased from 200 to 300 mg once daily and captopril from 12.5 to 25 mg twice daily to achieve a target supine diastolic blood pressure reduction of at least 10 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg. Supine diastolic blood pressure, at week 8, was significantly ( P < 0.001) reduced from 102 ± 1 to 90 ± 1 mmHg with diltiazem and from 103 ± 1 to 89 ± 1 mmHg with captopril, bringing this parameter within normal limits for both groups. Supine systolic blood pressure was also significantly ( P < 0.001) reduced. Target blood pressure was achieved in 68% of patients taking diltiazem and in 70% taking captopril. Distribution of adverse events was comparable in both groups; no significant changes in laboratory or electrocardiographic parameters occurred. Two serious events were reported with captopril: one sudden death and one cerebrovascular stroke. Sustained-release diltiazem once a day is a convenient, well tolerated, first line treatment for hypertension in the elderly, for whom the possibility of using two dose levels allows a close regimen adjustment, 200 mg being recommended as a starting dose.

Results of a National Therapeutic Trial Conducted in 10 000 Hypertensive Patients by 2000 General Practitioners

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 353s-354s
Author(s):  
A. Jouve ◽  
L. Goldet ◽  
M. Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Supine Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Groups

1. 10 294 hypertensive patients were treated and followed by 2200 general practitioners under the supervision of 130 cardiologists and nephrologists. 2. The treatment groups, randomly allocated, were designated to use three distinct antihypertensive drugs, administered alone, and combined two-by-two. 3. Some 75% of patients had a supine diastolic blood pressure of less than 95 mmHg after 4 months treatment. 4. A total of 12% of patients had dropped out by 4 months from entry; no clear relationship was established between side effects and drop out.

Timolol and Bendroflumethiazide in the Treatment of Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Karatzas ◽  
G Papazachos ◽  
P Clouva ◽  
T Tsaknakis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Combination Tablet ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Blind Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind Crossover Study

The effects on mild to moderate essential hypertension of 20 mg timolol and 5 mg bendroflumethiazide daily were compared in a randomized double-blind, crossover study in twenty-seven out-patients with pre-treatment diastolic blood pressure ranging from 100 to 130 mm Hg. After a four-week placebo period, a six-week treatment period for each drug followed, with one week on placebo before the crossover. All the patients then received a combination tablet containing the two drugs for another six weeks, using the same doses, except in those patients whose diastolic blood pressure had fallen to 90 mm Hg or below with either timolol or bendroflumethiazide alone, in whom the daily doses were halved. The lying diastolic blood pressure in the group of patients receiving timolol before bendroflumethiazide was 108 mm Hg on placebo, 90 mm Hg on timolol, 94 mm Hg on bendroflumethiazide and 86 mm Hg on the combination tablet. In the group of patients receiving bendroflumethiazide before timolol, it was 109 mm Hg on placebo, 95.5 mm Hg on bendroflumethiazide, 94 mm Hg on timolol and 84 mm Hg on the combination tablet. Of the twenty-seven patients, eleven achieved a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or below with timolol, ten with bendroflumethiazide and twenty-three with the combination tablet. Two patients could not tolerate timolol, one because of bradycardia and the other because of bronchospasm, but in the rest, tolerance of all treatment regimens was excellent.

Slow-Release Oxprenolol Compared with Oxprenolol in Hypertensive Patients: A Multicenter Clinical Trial

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Materson ◽  
Basil A. Friedman ◽  
Khin Mae Hla ◽  
Barry S. Neidorf ◽  
James M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Washout Phase ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Slow Release Preparation

Oxprenolol (OX) is a nonselective, β-adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. We studied 178 patients in five centers to determine whether a polymer-matrix-based, slow-release preparation of oxprenolol (SR-OX) given once daily was as effective as the standard preparation given twice daily for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. After a placebo washout phase, patients were treated with OX until blood pressure was controlled. They were then randomized in a double-blind fashion to continue the same dose, given as either OX bid or SR-OX qd with a placebo as the second dose. All patients took hydrochlorothiazide 50–100 mg/d throughout the study. Blood pressure was reduced 23/15 mm Hg ( p < 0.001) and pulse 8 beats/min in the SR-OX group (n = 67) and 24/17 mm Hg ( p < 0.001) and 8 beats/min in the OX group (n = 72) by titrating standard OX. After randomization to SR-OX or OX, there were no further changes over six weeks. Home-determined blood pressures showed no loss of control in the evening. There were no unexpected adverse effects. We conclude that SR-OX given once daily is as effective as OX given twice daily for the treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Comparison of 2 Types of Local Anesthesia With Vasoconstrictor in Older Adults: A Crossover Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Yuka Kyosaka ◽  
Tsuneto Owatari ◽  
Masanao Inokoshi ◽  
Kazumasa Kubota ◽  
Minoru Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Blood Pressures

We assessed the effect of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline (L + AD) and 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin (P + FP) on blood pressure and heart rate in older adults with systemic diseases undergoing dental extraction. This double-blind, randomized crossover study included 22 elderly participants, aged over 65 years. The participants were administered L + AD for one dental extraction and P + FP for the other. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded immediately, 5, and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration and the data were analyzed. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the P + FP group increased at all measurement points (p &lt; .001). In the L + AD group, the diastolic blood pressure decreased at 5 and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration (p &lt; .05), whereas the heart rate increased at all measured time points (p &lt; .001). There were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure at 5 and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration and in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at all time points between the 2 groups. In older adults, P + FP administration increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. L + AD administration increased the heart rate and decreased the diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Formula Jamu Antihipertensi and captopril are equally effective in patients with hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atina Hussaana ◽  
Hadi Sarosa ◽  
Ulfah Dian Indrayani ◽  
Chodidjah Chodidjah ◽  
Bagas Widiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Agent ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Level Of Significance

BACKGROUND<br />Hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs/spices appear to have significant effects in favorably modulating high blood pressure. A jamu formulation containing 6 plant extracts, Formula Jamu Antihipertensi (FJA), has been described previously. This research study aimed to evaluate the effect of FJA as antihypertensive agent in mild to moderate hypertensive patients. <br /><br />METHODS<br />This double-blind experimental study was conducted in 40 hypertensive patients, who were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with oral administration of 2 g FJA and the second group 25 mg captopril daily for 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as liver and kidney function were followed up every week. Independent- t test and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with a level of significance of 0.05.<br /><br />RESULTS<br />The results showed that after the treatment, FJA and captopril were capable of significantly decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p &lt;0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two groups was identical (p&gt;0.05), while the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the FJA group than in the captopril group (p &lt;0.05). <br /><br />CONCLUSION<br />From this study it may be concluded that administration of FJA for 4 weeks is equally effective as captopril in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. Thus, natural plants and herbs can be our source of drugs, with fewer side effects and better bioavailability for treatment of hypertension in the future.

Observations in Man of Hypoglycaemia during Selective and Non-Selective Beta-Blockade

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McD. Davidson ◽  
R. J. M. Corrall ◽  
T. R. D. Shaw ◽  
E. B. French
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Beta Blocking ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Selective Blocker

The acute hypoglycaemic reaction is accompanied by a rise in systolic and a slight fall in diastolic blood pressure and a tachycardia. In contrast, during beta-blockade with propranolol there is a rise of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and bradycardia. Restoration of blood glucose to normal is delayed. With metoprolol there is a lesser increase in diastolic blood pressure and a slight tachycardia. Restoration of the blood glucose to normal is little delayed. When patients liable to hypoglycaemia require a beta-blocking agent, it is suggested that a selective blocker such as metoprolol should be used.

Serum Zinc Level in Pre-eclamptic Pregnancies: Association with Clinical Complication

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Touhida Ahsan ◽  
Razia Sultana Begum ◽  
Sheikh Naznul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pre-eclampsia is one of the fatal complications in pregnancy. Zinc plays an important role in the course and eventual outcome of human pregnancy, and is essential for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth. Zinc deficiency in pregnancy is thought to be associated with pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the scum zinc level in pre-eclampsia and to examine its association (if any) with pre-eclampsia. A case control study was done among 45 pre-eclamptic and 35 normotensive pregnants at their third trimester. Serum zinc concentration was determined by Atomic Absorption Flame Spectrophotometric method. Correlative analysis was made to find any correlation, of serum zinc with blood Pressure. Results showed identical Maternal and gestational age, and different gravida distribution for the patients and controls, and significantly (P<0.005) higher blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) for pre-eclampsia. Serum zinc concentration were estimated 0.65±0.09mg/L in pre-eclamsia and 0.60±0.08mg/L in pregnant controls, difference of which was insignificant (p=0.284). Correlative analysis wowed that there was a linear correlation between serum level and diastolic blood pressure, but it was found to be insignificant (r=0.158, p=0.330). It was suggested that changes in zinc status may not be an etiological or contributory factor in pre-eclamsia. Key words: Serum zinc; pre-eclampsia; diastolic blood pressure DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6226 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 7-10

scholarly journals Enalapril Combined with Hydrochlorothiazide and Indapamide in the Treatment of Hypertension with Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueting Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension

Objective: To explore the effect of enalapril combined with hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide on hypertension and heart failure. Methods: 80 patients with hypertension and heart failure admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into two groups with random number table method, 40 cases each. The control group was given conventional treatment regimens, including enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide; the observation group replaced hydrochlorothiazide with indapamide based on the above therapies. The efficacy and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and left heart ejection fraction (LVEF) of the two groups were compared. Results: After treatment, the effective rate of the observation group was 92.50% (37/40) higher than that of the control group 75.00% (30/40). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower than those of the control group, and the LVEF was higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Enalapril combined with indapamide is effective in the treatment of hypertension with heart failure, which can help lower blood pressure, reduce heart load, increase cardiac output, reverse ventricular remodeling, and delay disease progression.

A Double-Blind Study Comparing the Effectiveness of Cromolyn Sodium and Sustained-Release Theophylline in Childhood Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Clifton T. Furukawa ◽  
Gail G. Shapiro ◽  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Michael J. Kraemer ◽  
Daniel J. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cromolyn Sodium ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Asthma In Children

The effectiveness of cromolyn sodium and theophylline on asthma in children was compared during a 3-month trial. Forty-six children (aged 5 to 15 years) with asthma were assigned at random to cromolyn or theophylline (Theo-Dur) treatment groups. Each subject received theophylline placebo or cromolyn placebo in addition to the active drugs. A methacholine challenge test was done at the start of the study to document asthma and was repeated during the third month. The theophylline dosage was regulated to obtain serum levels of 10 to 15 µg/mL by a physician not involved directly with patient care. Forty patients completed the study. Both theophylline and cromolyn treatment groups showed improvement from base-line status in terms of symptom scores, pulmonary function, and decreased use of inhaled albuterol. Patients treated with theophylline had more side effects and required more frequent office visits than those treated with cromolyn. Both groups had decreased sensitivity to methacholine, and for one statistical test patients treated with cromolyn improved significantly. These results indicate that cromolyn is as effective as theophylline in treating mild to moderate asthma in children; additional benefits were fewer side effects and a possible decrease in bronchial hyperactivity.

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