Kidney Size and Body Size in the Context of Salt and Blood Pressure

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 419s-421s
Author(s):  
F. O. Simpson ◽  
R. Doesburg ◽  
A. G. Dempster ◽  
M. Kihara ◽  
Y. Yamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
European Origin ◽  
New Zealanders

1. Kidney weight was analysed for Japanese and New Zealanders of European origin who had died sudden deaths. 2. Kidney weight was relatively greater in Japanese than in New Zealanders. 3. Kidney weight was closely related to body surface area and weight and less closely to height and body mass index. 4. As kidney function is related to kidney size and thus in turn to body size it is advisable to take account of body size in analyses of sodium intake and excretion in relation to blood pressure.

scholarly journals Cardiac and aortic size measures in adult echocardiography should be indexed by body surface area regardless of body mass index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Fung ◽  
Dhnanjay Soundappan ◽  
Daniel E Loewenstein ◽  
David Playford ◽  
Geoffrey Strange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Prognostic Performance ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Atrial Area ◽  
Aortic Size

AbstractBACKGROUNDBody size indexation is a foundation of the diagnostic interpretation of cardiac size measures used in imaging assessment of cardiovascular health. Body surface area (BSA) is the most commonly used metric for body size indexation of echocardiographic measures, but its use in patients who are underweight or obese is questioned (body mass index (BMI) <18·5 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2, respectively). We hypothesized that mortality can be used to identify an optimal body size indexation metric for echocardiographic measures that would be a better predictor of survival than BSA regardless of BMI.METHODSIn this big data, cohort study, adult patients with no prior valve replacement were selected from the National Echo Database Australia. Survival analysis was performed for echocardiographic measures both unindexed and indexed to different body size metrics, with 5-year cardiovascular mortality as the primary endpoint.FINDINGSIndexation of echocardiographic measures (left ventricular diameter [n=337,481] and mass [n=330,959], left atrial area [n=136,989], aortic sinus diameter [n=125,130], right atrial area [n=81,699], right ventricular diameter [n=3,575], right ventricular outflow tract diameter [n=2,841]) by BSA had better prognostic performance vs unindexed measures (healthy/overweight: C-statistic 0·656 vs 0·618, average change in Akaike Information Criteria (ΔAIC) 800; underweight: C-statistic 0·669 vs 0·654, ΔAIC 15; obese: C-statistic 0·630 vs 0·612, ΔAIC 113). Indexation by other body size metrics (lean body mass or height and/or weight raised to various powers) did not improve prognostic performance versus BSA by a clinically relevant magnitude (average C-statistic increase ≤0·01), with smaller differences in higher BMI subgroups. Similar results were obtained using sex-disaggregated analysis, for indexation of other aortic or cardiac dimension or volume measures, and for all-cause mortality.INTERPRETATIONIndexing measures of cardiac and aortic size by BSA improves prognostic performance regardless of BMI, and no other body size metric has a clinically meaningful better performance.FUNDINGThis research was supported in part by grants (PI Ugander) from New South Wales Health, Heart Research Australia, and the University of Sydney.

Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area and Their Associations with Outcomes in Stage II and III Colon Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Alipour ◽  
Hagen F. Kennecke ◽  
Ryan Woods ◽  
Howard J. Lim ◽  
Caroline Speers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Stage Ii

Abstract P349: Dietary Sodium Intake according to the Hypertension Management Status: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Joon Lee ◽  
Hyeon Chang Kim ◽  
Sun Min Oh ◽  
Dong Phil Choi ◽  
Hye Min Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Eating Out

Introduction : High sodium intake is an established risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The average sodium intake in Koreans was estimated at 4,645mg/day, which was more than two times compared to the recommended amount, 2000mg/day. We assessed whether people who diagnosed with hypertension or treated for hypertension consume less sodium than those without hypertension. Methods : The present study analyzed data from a total of 6,577 Koreans (3,816 women and 2,761 men) aged 40 years and older, participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007-2008). Participants were classified into five groups as follows: normal blood pressure, pre-hypertension, hypertension without treatment, hypertension with treatment, and hypertension with complications. The association between sodium intake and hypertension management status was estimated using exponential regression coefficient, adjusted for potential confounders including age, energy intake, body mass index, income, education, marriage, occupation, the frequency of eating out and effort to lower sodium intake. Results : In women, the median sodium intake tended to decrease according to the following groups; 3,708mg in normal blood pressure, 3,515mg in pre-hypertension, 3,191mg in hypertension without treatment, 3,113mg in hypertension with treatment, and 2,862mg in hypertension with complications (P for trend < 0.001). In men, a similar trend was shown, but sodium consumption was the highest in the prehypertension group; 5,099mg in normal blood pressure, 5,353mg in pre-hypertension, 5,118mg in hypertension without treatment, 4,708mg in hypertension with treatment, and 3,798mg in hypertension with complications (P for trend < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounders (energy intake, body mass index, occupation, the frequency of eating out), the trend was not significant both in women (P for trend= 0.887) and men (P for trend=0. 204). Only in men with prehypertension, sodium intake was 1.08 times higher than that in normal blood pressure group (P = 0.025). Conclusions : The present study showed that Korean women and men consumed sodium more than the recommended amount regardless of the presence of, the treatment for, or knowing the complications of hypertension. Moreover, men with prehypertension consumed the highest amount of sodium.

New formula for predicting standard liver and spleen volumes in Chinese adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longbao Yang ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Xinxing Tantai ◽  
Cailan Xiao ◽  
Caifeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Spleen Volume ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Volume Formula

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe liver volume and spleen volum are useful index for cirrhosis patients with esphageal varices. But the calculation of the volume is time-consuming and boring. To solve the problem, we successfully established the liver and spleen volume formula using the body surface area. We compared the liver volume formula with other four formulas, which be proved with highest accuracy and lowest error. Until now, except for the new spleen volume formula in the research, there are few reports about it.AIMTo obtain a reference range of morphological indices, and to establish a formula to accurately predict the standard liver and spleen volumes in Chinese adults.METHODSComputed tomography was used to calculate the estimated total liver volume and spleen volume of 305 Chinese adults without any diseases which could influence the volumes of these two organs. Gender, age, body height, body weight, body surface area and body mass index were determined. Correlation analysis and step-wise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter on the liver and spleen volumes, and then a formula to predict the liver and spleen volumes was established. Finally, the results obtained with the new liver volume formula with existing formulas in a validation group were compared.RESULTSThe average liver and spleen volume values were 1043.18 ± 244.60 cm3 and 175.07 ± 88.15 cm3, respectively. Age, body height, body weight, body surface area and body mass index were significantly correlated with liver and spleen volume. Body surface area showed the strongest correlation with liver volume and spleen volume( p<0.005 and p<0.001). Based on these results, new formulas to calculate the standard liver volume and standard spleen volume were established.CONCLUSIONSCompared the new liver volume formula with the existing formula, it is found that the new liver volume is more accurate. And the accuracy of the spleen volume formula is acceptable. Core tip: To solve the problem of time-consuming and boring in calculating the liver and spleen volume, we successfully established the liver and spleen volume formula can be used in Chinese adult. Though there are some reports about the liver volume, but it is different in spleen volume. The liver volume and spleen volume radio is an useful index to predict the esophageal varices and bleeding risk for cirrhosis patients. Only liver volume formula is not enough, the finding of the spleen volume is very meaningful.

Doppler Transmitral Flow Velocity Parameters: Relationship between Age, Body Surface Area, Blood Pressure and Gender in Normal Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius M. Gardin ◽  
Mary K. Rohan ◽  
Dennis M. Davidson ◽  
Ali Dabestani ◽  
Mark Sklansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Transmitral Flow ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Increased mortality in women: sex differences in burn outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Karimi ◽  
Iris Faraklas ◽  
Giavonni Lewis ◽  
Daniel Ha ◽  
Bridget Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Inpatient Mortality ◽  
Burn Centers ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that sex differences may influence responses after thermal injury and affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between sex, thermal injury, body size, and inpatient mortality in burn patients. Methods Medical records of adults with &gt;20% total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury admitted to two American Burn Association (ABA)-verified burn centers between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Injury details and baseline characteristics, including body size as estimated by body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, along with details of the hospital course. The primary outcome of inpatient mortality was compared between sexes. Results Out of 334 subjects, 60 were women (18%). Median TBSA was 33% (IQR 25–49) in this cohort, with 19% full thickness burns and 30% inhalation injury. Despite no significant difference in age, presence of inhalation injury, TBSA, or depth of burn, women had significantly higher rates of inpatient mortality (45 vs. 29%, P = 0.01). BSA was significantly lower in women vs. men (P &lt; 0.001), but this difference was not more pronounced among non-survivors. There was no difference in BMI between men and women non-survivors. Although not significant (P = 0.28), women succumbed to their injuries sooner than men (day 4 vs. 10 post-injury). Conclusions Women are less likely to survive burn injuries and die sooner than men with similar injuries. Body size does not appear to modulate this effect. Burn centers should be aware of the higher mortality risk in women with large burns.

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