Cardiovascular responses to a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy elderly subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Sidery ◽  
A. J. Cowley ◽  
I. A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

1. The cardiovascular responses to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals (2.5 MJ) were compared in healthy, non-obese elderly subjects (mean age 68 years, range 63–74 years). 2. Measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, calf blood flow and superior mesenteric artery blood flow were made before and for 60 min after the two meals. 3. Systolic blood pressure only fell after the high-carbohydrate meal, reaching a nadir 13 mmHg below baseline values (95% confidence interval of the change, −2 to −25 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure fell by 8 mmHg at 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −1 to −15 mmHg) and by 5 mmHg 45 min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −1 to −8 mmHg). 4. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow rose by 70% after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +105 to +297 ml/min) and by 42% after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +35 to +256 ml/min, P <0.0001, analysis of variance). Calf blood flow reached a nadir 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −0.14 to −0.96ml min−1 100 ml−1) and 15min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −0.1 to −0.92ml min−1 100ml−1P <0.01). There was no significant change in heart rate or cardiac output over the experimental period. 5. In elderly subjects the gut hyperaemia associated with food ingestion is not accompanied by concomitant increases in cardiac output and heart rate. This failure of cardiovascular adjustment to the vascular demands by the gut is likely to contribute to the fall in blood pressure seen in these healthy elderly subjects.

Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Neuroendocrine Responses to a High Carbohydrate and a High Fat Meal in Healthy Young Subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Heseltine ◽  
J. F. Potter ◽  
G. Hartley ◽  
I. A. MacDonald ◽  
O. F. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

1. The responses of blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function and plasma insulin to a high carbohydrate and a high fat meal of equivalent energy value were studied in nine young volunteers. 2. Neither meal produced a significant change in supine or erect blood pressure. The high carbohydrate meal, however, resulted in an overall rise in both supine (6 beats/min) and erect (6 beats/min; P < 0.05) heart rate, no such changes being seen after the high fat meal. 3. Plasma noradrenaline levels increased by a maximum of 126% at 90 min (0.98 to 2.22 nmol/l) after the high carbohydrate meal but were virtually unchanged after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Parasympathetic function showed no between-meal differences. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher after the high carbohydrate meal than after the high fat meal. No postprandial difference in packed cell volume was found between meal types. 4. We conclude that, in young subjects, the postprandial blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal is maintained by an increase in heart rate associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These changes are at variance with the blood pressure and heart rate responses seen in the elderly after a high carbohydrate meal. A high fat meal has no significant cardiovascular or neuroendocrine effects in the young or old. The nutrient composition of meals has to be taken into account when studying the postprandial cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in the young.

Effects of Meal Composition on the Postprandial Blood Pressure, Catecholamine and Insulin Changes in Elderly Subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. Heseltine ◽  
G. Hartley ◽  
J. Matthews ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate

1. The effects of four meals of similar energy, but different nutritional, composition on postprandial blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function, catecholamines, insulin and packed cell volume levels were studied in seven fit elderly subjects. 2. The high carbohydrate and high protein meals led to a significant overall fall in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared either with no change or a rise after the normal (i.e. mixed) and high fat meals. Similar between-meal differences were seen with erect diastolic but not erect systolic blood pressure. No significant postural blood pressure fall occurred after any of the meals. Supine heart rate was unaffected by meal type or by time, and although erect heart rate showed a small increase during the study there was no between-meal difference. 3. Parasympathetic function was unaffected by meal type. Plasma noradrenaline rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals only, remaining elevated for 120 min after meal consumption. This increase was not related to the changes in blood pressure or plasma insulin levels. 4. Plasma insulin and glucose rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals, but were unchanged after the high protein and high fat meals. Packed cell volume showed a small decrease towards the end of the study, although there was no between-meal variation. 5. The differences in the cardiovascular changes after the different meals could not be ascribed to alterations in autonomic function, insulin release or fall in plasma volume. We propose that the postprandial changes in blood pressure are due to the nutrient composition of the meal rather than the actual energy load.

Central and Peripheral Haemodynamic Responses to High Carbohydrate and High Fat Meals in Human Cardiac Transplant Recipients

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Kearney ◽  
A. J. Cowley ◽  
T. A. Stubbs ◽  
A. J. Perry ◽  
I. A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Output Response ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Meal

1. Patients with autonomic dysfunction and elderly people with an age-related decline in autonomic function can suffer from a fall in blood pressure after eating. While the cardiovascular changes after eating and the effect of meal composition on these changes are well established, the underlying mechanisms are less clear. 2. This study assessed the cardiac, circulatory and humoral responses to ingestion of isoenergetic (2.5 MJ) high carbohydrate and high fat meals in nine orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients, who before transplantation had significant circulatory, metabolic and autonomic abnormalities and after transplantation had complete or partial extrinsic cardiac denervation, and compared them to the responses seen in nine healthy age-matched control subjects. 3. All variables were measured non-invasively. Cardiac transplant recipients, despite cardiac denervation, showed a normal heart rate response to high carbohydrate and high fat meals (maximal increase at 30 min postprandially +7.8 ± 1.1 and +6.3 ± 1.4 beats/min respectively), a normal cardiac output response to the high carbohydrate meal (maximal increase at 30 min +1.16 ± 0.25 l/min), but a significantly attenuated cardiac output response to the high fat meal. Cardiac transplant recipients had attenuated superior mesenteric artery blood flow responses after both meals (P < 0.05) and an attenuated calf vascular resistance response after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Throughout the study after both meals, cardiac transplant recipients maintained blood pressure. 4. This study demonstrates that cardiac transplant recipients, despite partial or complete cardiac denervation, have a normal chronotropic response to food and a normal cardiac output response to a high carbohydrate meal. The attenuated cardiac output response to a high fat meal did not compromise blood pressure, due at least in part to decreased splanchnic vasodilatation.

scholarly journals The −3826 A→G Variant of the Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Diminishes Postprandial Thermogenesis after a High Fat Meal in Healthy Boys

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5661-5667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narumi Nagai ◽  
Naoki Sakane ◽  
Linda Massako Ueno ◽  
Taku Hamada ◽  
Toshio Moritani
Keyword(s):  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract This study investigated whether the −3826 A→G nucleotide variant of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene is correlated with postprandial thermogenesis after a high fat meal in children. Healthy boys, aged 8–11 yr, were examined for resting energy expenditure and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM), which were measured by indirect calorimetry for 180 min after a high fat (70% fat, 20% carbohydrate, and 10% protein, providing 30% of the daily energy requirement) and a high carbohydrate meal (20% fat, 70% carbohydrate, and 10% protein). The sympatho-vagal activities were assessed by means of spectral analysis of the heart rate variability during the same period. Children were genotyped for UCP1 polymorphism by applying a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using buccal samples. There was no reaction of sympathetic activity to the high carbohydrate meal in eitherthe GG allele or the AA+AG group and no significant difference in TEM. However, after the high fat meal, sympathetic responses were found in both groups; further, the GG allele group showed significantly lower TEM than the AA+AG group. In conclusion, despite fat-induced sympathetic stimulation, GG allele carriers have a lowered capacity of TEM in response to fat intake, suggesting that such impaired UCP1-linked thermogenesis can have adverse effects on the regulation of body weight.

Hemodynamics in awake rabbits during hyperbaric helium-oxygen exposure

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Boerboom ◽  
J. N. Boelkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Organ Blood Flow

Although man is being exposed to hyperbaric environments more frequently, the effects of these environments and the inert gases used are not clearly defined. We therefore designed an experiment to examine both the effects of helium and elevated pressure on the cardiovascular system in conscious rabbits exposed to normoxic levels of a helium-oxygen (He-O2) gas mixture at 1 and 11 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 2 h. Variables studied included heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, organ blood flow, and resistance to flow. The only change observed was a decrease in heart rate from a control of 284 +/- 7 (mean +/- SE) to 246 +/- 12 beats/min after 2 h of breathing He-O2 at 1 ATA. We therefore conclude that the cardiovascular system is not adversely affected by helium or elevated pressure as used in this experiment.

scholarly journals Effects of meal ingestion on blood pressure and regional hemodynamic responses after exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Yamaoka Endo ◽  
Chizuko Fujihara ◽  
Akira Miura ◽  
Hideaki Kashima ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fukuba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Severe Hypotension ◽  
Meal Ingestion

This study investigated the combined effects of consuming a meal during postexercise hypotension (PEH) on hemodynamics. Nine healthy young male subjects performed each of three trials in random order: 1) cycling at 50% of heart rate reserve for 60 min, 2) oral ingestion of a carbohydrate liquid meal (75 g glucose), or 3) carbohydrate ingestion at 40 min after cycling exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and blood flow in the superior mesenteric (SMA), brachial, and popliteal arteries were measured continuously before and after each trial. Regional vascular conductance (VC) was calculated as blood flow/mean arterial pressure. Blood pressure decreased relative to baseline values ( P < 0.05) after exercise cessation. Blood flow and VC in the calf and arm increased after exercise, whereas blood flow and VC in the SMA did not. Blood pressure did not change after meal ingestion; however, blood flow and VC significantly decreased in the brachial and popliteal arteries and increased in the SMA for 120 min after the meal ( P < 0.05). When the meal was ingested during PEH, blood pressure decreased below PEH levels and remained decreased for 40 min before returning to postexercise levels. The sustained increase in blood flow and VC in the limbs after exercise was reduced to baseline resting levels immediately after the meal, postprandial cardiac output was unchanged by the increased blood flow in the SMA, and total VC and SMA VC increased. Healthy young subjects can suppress severe hypotension by vasoconstriction of the limbs even when carbohydrate is ingested during PEH.

Cardiovascular system

2011 ◽  
pp. 443-462
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
System P

2.1 Control of blood pressure and heart rate, 445 2.2 Control of heart rate, 446 2.3 Cardiac output (CO), 447 2.4 Measurement of cardiac output (CO), 450 2.5 Blood flow peripherally, 451 2.6 The cardiac cycle, 454 2.7 ECG, 458 2.8 Pharmacological manipulation of the heart and peripheral circulation, ...

The Haemodynamic Effects of Metabolic Acidosis in the Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yudkin ◽  
R. D. Cohen ◽  
Barbara Slack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The effect of metabolic acidosis of 4–6 h duration on cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, and hepatic and renal blood flow has been studied in the rat. 2. In anaesthetized rats, blood pressure and heart rate fell linearly with blood pH in both sham-operated and nephrectomized rats. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the effect of acidosis on either variable. 3. Cardiac output showed a significant fall with increasing acidosis in the conscious rat. 4. Estimated hepatic blood flow in conscious rats showed a significant positive correlation with blood pH in both sham-operated and nephrectomized animals. There was no significant difference in estimated hepatic blood flow between the two groups of animals at any blood pH. 5. In conscious rats, increasing acidosis caused a progressive decrease in estimated renal blood flow. 6. It is concluded that the increase in the previously described apparent renal contribution to lactate removal in the acidotic rat cannot be explained by any circulatory effect mediated by the kidney. The possible relevance of the findings to lactate homeostasis is discussed.

scholarly journals The hypotensive response to oral fat is comparable but slower compared with carbohydrate in healthy elderly subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Visvanathan ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Ian Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Hypotension ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Hypotensive Response ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

The objective of the present study was to determine the comparative hypotensive responses to drinks containing predominantly fat and carbohydrate (CHO) in healthy elderly subjects. Using a randomised, cross-over study, the participants, twelve elderly subjects, six of them female (72·2 (sd 5·7) years), were investigated. On three separate days, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured following ingestion of 300ml drinks containing: (1) CHO (75g glucose and 93g Polyjoule (CHO polymer) providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (2) 88% fat (cream blended with milk providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (3) water. Systolic BP decreased following the CHO drink (P<0·001) and the high-fat drink (P<0·001) but not water; there was no difference in the magnitude of the decrease between the CHO drink and the drink containing fat (13·4v. 15·6mmHg). However, the onset of the fall was slower after the fat-containing drink (13·0v. 26·5min (P=0·01); area under the curve for 0–30min for CHO drink −6·5v. fat-containing drink 125·4 mmHg×min (P=0·043)). We conclude that ingestion of a high-fat drink results in a comparable fall in BP to a CHO drink although the onset is relatively slower. These observations may have implications for the management of postprandial hypotension.

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