The −3826 A→G Variant of the Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Diminishes Postprandial Thermogenesis after a High Fat Meal in Healthy Boys

Abstract This study investigated whether the −3826 A→G nucleotide variant of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene is correlated with postprandial thermogenesis after a high fat meal in children. Healthy boys, aged 8–11 yr, were examined for resting energy expenditure and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM), which were measured by indirect calorimetry for 180 min after a high fat (70% fat, 20% carbohydrate, and 10% protein, providing 30% of the daily energy requirement) and a high carbohydrate meal (20% fat, 70% carbohydrate, and 10% protein). The sympatho-vagal activities were assessed by means of spectral analysis of the heart rate variability during the same period. Children were genotyped for UCP1 polymorphism by applying a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using buccal samples. There was no reaction of sympathetic activity to the high carbohydrate meal in eitherthe GG allele or the AA+AG group and no significant difference in TEM. However, after the high fat meal, sympathetic responses were found in both groups; further, the GG allele group showed significantly lower TEM than the AA+AG group. In conclusion, despite fat-induced sympathetic stimulation, GG allele carriers have a lowered capacity of TEM in response to fat intake, suggesting that such impaired UCP1-linked thermogenesis can have adverse effects on the regulation of body weight.

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Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Neuroendocrine Responses to a High Carbohydrate and a High Fat Meal in Healthy Young Subjects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0790517 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

D. Heseltine ◽

J. F. Potter ◽

G. Hartley ◽

I. A. MacDonald ◽

O. F. W. James

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

The Elderly ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Neuroendocrine Responses ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

1. The responses of blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function and plasma insulin to a high carbohydrate and a high fat meal of equivalent energy value were studied in nine young volunteers. 2. Neither meal produced a significant change in supine or erect blood pressure. The high carbohydrate meal, however, resulted in an overall rise in both supine (6 beats/min) and erect (6 beats/min; P < 0.05) heart rate, no such changes being seen after the high fat meal. 3. Plasma noradrenaline levels increased by a maximum of 126% at 90 min (0.98 to 2.22 nmol/l) after the high carbohydrate meal but were virtually unchanged after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Parasympathetic function showed no between-meal differences. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher after the high carbohydrate meal than after the high fat meal. No postprandial difference in packed cell volume was found between meal types. 4. We conclude that, in young subjects, the postprandial blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal is maintained by an increase in heart rate associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These changes are at variance with the blood pressure and heart rate responses seen in the elderly after a high carbohydrate meal. A high fat meal has no significant cardiovascular or neuroendocrine effects in the young or old. The nutrient composition of meals has to be taken into account when studying the postprandial cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in the young.

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Effect of High‐Fat Meal and High‐Carbohydrate Meal on Daily Total Energy Metabolism in Adults Japanese Men

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb304 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Taira Takuya ◽

Fujii Hisao

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Total Energy ◽

High Fat ◽

Japanese Men ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Daily Total ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Cardiovascular responses to a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy elderly subjects

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0840263 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M. B. Sidery ◽

A. J. Cowley ◽

I. A. MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

1. The cardiovascular responses to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals (2.5 MJ) were compared in healthy, non-obese elderly subjects (mean age 68 years, range 63–74 years). 2. Measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, calf blood flow and superior mesenteric artery blood flow were made before and for 60 min after the two meals. 3. Systolic blood pressure only fell after the high-carbohydrate meal, reaching a nadir 13 mmHg below baseline values (95% confidence interval of the change, −2 to −25 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure fell by 8 mmHg at 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −1 to −15 mmHg) and by 5 mmHg 45 min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −1 to −8 mmHg). 4. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow rose by 70% after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +105 to +297 ml/min) and by 42% after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +35 to +256 ml/min, P <0.0001, analysis of variance). Calf blood flow reached a nadir 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −0.14 to −0.96ml min−1 100 ml−1) and 15min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, −0.1 to −0.92ml min−1 100ml−1P <0.01). There was no significant change in heart rate or cardiac output over the experimental period. 5. In elderly subjects the gut hyperaemia associated with food ingestion is not accompanied by concomitant increases in cardiac output and heart rate. This failure of cardiovascular adjustment to the vascular demands by the gut is likely to contribute to the fall in blood pressure seen in these healthy elderly subjects.

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Effect of diurnal variations in the carbohydrate and fat composition of meals on postprandial glycemic response in healthy adults: a novel insight for the second-meal phenomenon

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 332-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takafumi Ando ◽

Satoshi Nakae ◽

Chiyoko Usui ◽

Eiichi Yoshimura ◽

Nobuo Nishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Analysis ◽

Random Order ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Whole Body ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

High Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Utilization ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

ABSTRACT Background Meals, particularly carbohydrate intake, determine diurnal blood glucose (BG) excursions. However, the effect of meals with variable carbohydrate content on diurnal BG excursions remains poorly understood, despite routine consumption of meals that vary daily. Objective The aim of this study was to verify our hypothesis that glycemic response is elevated when a meal with a higher carbohydrate content follows a meal with a lower carbohydrate content. Design This was a secondary analysis of a study whose primary endpoint was energy metabolism (e.g., energy expenditure and substrate oxidation). This crossover study was designed to test BG responses to 3 types of meals with different macronutrient contents [regular meals (R), meals with a high-carbohydrate breakfast (CB), and meals with a high-fat breakfast (FB)] using a continuous glucose monitoring system. The R test included 3 meals/d with the same macronutrient composition; the CB test, a high-carbohydrate meal at breakfast, a high-fat meal at lunch, and a high-carbohydrate meal at dinner; and the FB test, a high-fat meal at breakfast, a high-carbohydrate meal at lunch, and a high-carbohydrate meal at dinner. Each test had similar daily macronutrient compositions, except CB and FB had larger variations in carbohydrate content than R. Fourteen healthy young men were tested in random order and underwent whole-body indirect calorimetry. Results Daily peak BG concentrations were higher for the CB (mean ± SD: 143.9 ± 25.3 mg/dL) and FB (140.2 ± 24.8 mg/dL) conditions than for the R condition (127.5 ± 15.7 mg/dL). Postprandial BG peaks after a high-carbohydrate meal were ∼20 mg/dL higher when a previous meal was relatively high-fat than when not high-fat (P < 0.05 for all). A multiple regression analysis indicated that the postprandial glycemic response was negatively associated with the preprandial respiratory quotient. Conclusions Our findings indicate that switching from high-fat to high-carbohydrate meals contributes to larger postprandial BG excursions, along with alterations in prioritization of carbohydrate utilization. This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000028895.

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A high carbohydrate meal yields a lower ischemic threshold than a high fat meal in patients with stable coronary disease

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.08.023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 147 (2) ◽

pp. 209-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriele Fragasso ◽

Chiara Montano ◽

Guido Lattuada ◽

Anna Salerno ◽

Altin Palloshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Disease ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

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Differential Responses of Circulating Ghrelin to High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Meal in Healthy Women

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2003-030797 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 5510-5514 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Palmiero Monteleone ◽

Rachele Bencivenga ◽

Nicola Longobardi ◽

Cristina Serritella ◽

Mario Maj

Keyword(s):

High Fat ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Visual Analog Scales ◽

Suppressant Effect ◽

Ghrelin Secretion ◽

Fat Meal ◽

Carbohydrate Meal

Abstract The effects of specific nutritional factors on ghrelin secretion have not been investigated in humans. Therefore, we assessed ghrelin responses to a high-carbohydrate meal (1217 kcal with 77% carbohydrates, 10% protein, and 13% lipids) and to an isocaloric high-fat meal (15% carbohydrates, 10% proteins, and 75% lipids) in 14 nonobese healthy women. Eleven subjects also rated their hunger feelings on visual analog scales. Circulating ghrelin abruptly fell after both meals, but, after the carbohydrate meal, its maximum percent decrease was significantly greater than after the fat meal (P = 0.02). Plasma insulin and glucose levels rose after the meals, but their increases were significantly higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fat meal. No significant change was observed in circulating leptin after both meals. Moreover, compared with the fat meal, the carbohydrate meal had a significantly greater suppressant effect on hunger feelings. Plasma ghrelin changes were significantly associated with hunger changes (P < 0.007). These findings show that circulating ghrelin is differently suppressed by diet manipulations. The mechanisms responsible for such a phenomenon and its possible implication in the physiology of human satiety remain to be elucidated.

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