Responses of Tissue Protein Synthesis to Nutrient Intake in Rats Exposed to Interleukin-1β Or Turpentine

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Ballmer ◽  
Margaret A. McNurlan ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
Peter J. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growing Rat

1. The influence of an acute-phase reaction on the ability of protein synthesis rates in liver and three different muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus and heart) to respond to a short intravenous infusion of nutrients (glucose plus amino acids) was investigated during experimental inflammation induced by injection of human recombinant interleukin-1β or turpentine in young male rats. 2. Interleukin-1β induced a consistent increase of 3°C in body temperature between 3 and 5 h after injection, whereas turpentine induced a delayed fever, peaking by 13 h. 3. Interleukin-1β and turpentine stimulated fractional rates of protein synthesis in liver. The synthesis rate was inhibited by interleukin-1β in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, but an elevation was seen in heart muscle. In this study there was no significant response of muscle to turpentine injection. 4. Two hours of parenteral nutrition increased fractional synthesis rates in all tissues when compared with Ringer's lactate. Somewhat larger responses to feeding were observed as a result of either interleukin-1β or turpentine injection in all tissues, but these improvements were not significant. 5. We conclude that the response of protein synthesis rates in liver and skeletal muscle to parenteral nutrition is not inhibited, and may be somewhat enhanced, during acute inflammatory conditions in the growing rat.

Anaesthetic Agents and Their Effect on Tissue Protein Synthesis in the Rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Heys ◽  
A. C. Norton ◽  
C. R. Dundas ◽  
O. Eremin ◽  
K. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

1. Rates of protein synthesis were measured, in vivo, in lung, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of young male rats. Groups of rats were exposed for 1 h duration to one of the following anaesthetic regimens: 1.4% halothane, 2.2% halothane, 1.4% halothane in 66% nitrous oxide, intravenous pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg) and intravenous midazolam (18 mg/kg) combined with fentanyl (2 μg/kg). Fractional rates of protein synthesis were determined by injecting [3H]phenylalanine (150 μmol/100 g body weight) 2. Liver protein synthesis was depressed significantly by all regimens, except midazolam/fentanyl, by up to 37.7% of control values. Lung protein synthesis was significantly reduced by all the anaesthetic agents by up to 30% of control rates 3. The effects of the anaesthetic agents on skeletal muscle and heart were small and not statistically significant 4. There was no evidence of ventilatory depression as manifested by changes in arterial blood gas partial pressures of CO2 and O2, except in the group treated with 2.2% halothane.

scholarly journals Dietary Ornithine Affects the Tissue Protein Synthesis Rate in Young Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo TUJIOKA ◽  
Takashi YAMADA ◽  
Mami AOKI ◽  
Koji MORISHITA ◽  
Kazutoshi HAYASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis in liver and small intestine in protein deprivation and diabetes

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. E238-E245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McNurlan ◽  
P. J. Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Protein synthesis (as a percent of the protein pool synthesized per day) has been measured in liver and small intestine of young male rats from the incorporation of 100 mumol [1–14C]leucine/100 g body wt into protein over 10 min. Dietary protein deprivation for 8 days depressed protein synthesis in liver (30%), jejunal mucosa (20%), and jejunal serosa (25%). In serosa, reduced levels of RNA relative to protein could account for altered synthesis; in liver and mucosa, the amount of protein synthesized per unit RNA was reduced. In liver of streptozotocin-diabetic rats protein synthesis was depressed 45%, whereas it was maintained in jejunal mucosa and serosa. Depressed synthesis in liver was accompanied by both a loss of RNA relative to protein and a reduction in the protein synthesized per RNA.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in rat lung. Measurements in vivo based on leucyl-tRNA and rapidly turning-over procollagen I

1984 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kelley ◽  
W S Stirewalt ◽  
L Chrin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Free Serum ◽  
Procollagen Iii

The relationships of the specific radioactivities of leucine in serum, leucine acylated to tRNA and leucine in procollagen I, procollagen III and total protein in lungs of unanaesthetized young male rats in vivo were assessed as a function of time during constant intravenous infusion of radiolabelled leucine. The specific radioactivity of free leucine in plasma reached a steady-state plateau value within 30 min of initiation of [3H]leucine infusion. Leucine acylated to tRNA isolated from lungs had the same specific radioactivity as free serum leucine. Leucine in procollagen I rapidly achieved a specific radioactivity equal to that of serum leucine and leucyl-tRNA, indicating that serum leucine and leucyl-tRNA isolated from total lung were in rapid equilibrium with the precursor leucine pool for procollagen I synthesis. On the basis of leucyl-tRNA or free serum leucine as the precursor, half-times of fractional conversion of procollagen I and III were calculated as 9 and 38 min respectively. The incorporation of leucine into mixed lung proteins calculated from the tracer studies was 6.8 mumol/day for the first 30 min of the infusion, after which the calculated rate increased to 15.0 mumol/day. This apparent increase correlated with the appearance of rapidly labelled plasma proteins trapped in the lungs. On the basis of short infusions lasting 30 min or less, followed by vascular perfusion of the lung, the average fractional synthesis rate of mixed pulmonary proteins in young male rats was 20%/day.

scholarly journals The Effects of Age and Adiposity on Casein Digestibility and Tissue Protein Synthesis in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1196-1196
Author(s):  
Nathalie Atallah ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Audrey Boulier ◽  
Alain Baniel ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

Abstract Objectives Age and adiposity can impact the digestibility of dietary proteins and the metabolic response to their ingestion. The objective was to evaluate the effects of age and adiposity on casein digestibility and protein synthesis in tissues and organs. Methods Wistar rats of 1 month (n = 15) and 10 months (n = 15) at their arrival were fed ad libitum with a standard diet or High Fat diet to obtain rats of normal and high adiposity levels. Four groups were constituted (n = 7/8): 2 months/normal adiposity, 2 months/high adiposity, 11 months/normal adiposity and 11 months/high adiposity. At the end of the dietary intervention, they were fed the standard diet for 1 week before the test meal. The rats consumed a 4g meal containing 15N-labeled casein (Prodiet® 85B). Six hours after meal ingestion, the rats were euthanized. Intravenous injection of a massive dose of 13C-valine prior to euthanasia was used to determine protein synthesis rate in liver, kidneys, skin and muscle. Body composition was evaluated and digestive contents were collected to measure casein digestibility. Results No weight difference between rats of the same age was observed. However, a significant difference in adiposity was noted, with a surge in body fat of 3% in young rats and 7% in older rats. Digestibility increased with a higher adiposity level (P = 0.04). In young rats, it was 94.1 ± 1.1% in lean rats and 95.2 ± 1.7% in fat rats. In older rats, it was 94.5 ± 2.2% and 95.8 ± 0.7%, in lean and fat rats respectively. Significant effects of age (P < 0.01) and adiposity (P < 0.01) were observed in the muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR), with age decreasing it and adiposity increasing it. In young rats, FSR was 10.1 ± 2.1%/day and 12.0 ± 3.0%/day in lean and fat rats, respectively, these values being 6.2 ± 1.5%/day and 10.6 ± 2.0%/day in older rats. In the skin, younger rats exhibited a higher FSR (P < 0.01) as it was 11.1 ± 2.6%/day and 12.6 ± 3.7%/day in lean and fat rats respectively, and 8.3 ± 2.3%/day and 8.2 ± 2.7%/day in older rats. No differences were found for the liver and kidneys. Conclusions Protein synthesis in muscle decreased with age while adiposity increased it. This is consistent with an improvement in ribosomal activity at an intermediate state of obesity. The surge in casein digestibility with higher adiposity, although moderate, could have contributed to the improvement in muscle anabolism response. Funding Sources Ingredia.

scholarly journals Effects of human recombinant interleukin-1β on protein synthesis in rat tissues compared with a classical acute-phase reaction induced by turpentine. Rapid response of muscle to interleukin-1β

1991 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Ballmer ◽  
M A McNurlan ◽  
B G Southorn ◽  
I Grant ◽  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Fever Response

The early time course (1, 3, 9, 24 h) of changes in rates of protein synthesis (ks) in liver and three different muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus and heart) was investigated after injection of saline, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) or turpentine in rats. IL-1 injection induced a consistent increase in body temperature of about 3 degrees C between 3 and 5 h, but thereafter a hypothermic response occurred. With turpentine, a delayed fever response with a peak value by 9 h was observed. Both IL-1 and turpentine had no effect on protein synthesis in the small intestine, but produced a significant increase in ks in the liver at 9 h. By 24 h in IL-1-treated animals, liver ks had returned back to control values, whereas the turpentine-treated group showed a progressive rise in ks. Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles exhibited a significant fall in ks at 9 h after IL-1 and turpentine injection compared with the control. In contrast, the ks of heart muscle increased at 3-9 h after IL-1 injection, but there was no effect of turpentine. Thus for the first time a marked decrease of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle in response to IL-1 could be demonstrated.

Effect of parenteral nutrition on protein synthesis and liver fat metabolism in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (4) ◽  
pp. G280-G287
Author(s):  
T. P. Stein ◽  
G. P. Buzby ◽  
M. H. Gertner ◽  
W. C. Hargrove ◽  
M. J. Leskiw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fatty Livers

We studied the effect of parenteral nutrition with amino acids and hypertonic glucose on protein synthesis and liver fat metabolism. Patients with operable gastrointestinal tract malignancies were divided into two groups. Group I ate the hospital diet ad libitum for the 7-10 days preceding surgery. Group II were given adjuvant parenteral nutrition (APN) for 7-10 days prior to the surgical removal of the tumor. Daily nutrient intake and nitrogen balance were determined. [15N[glycine (1-2 g) was infused at a constant rate for 12-18 prior to surgery. During surgery, blood, liver, and muscle specimens were taken for 15N analysis. Fractional protein synthesis rates were estimated by the method of Garlick et al. (Biochem. J. 136: 935-945, 1973). The fat content and distribution pattern in the liver was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following results were found. 1) APN increaed the albumin synthesis rate. 2) The fraction of linoleate in the total liver fatty acids were reduced by 75% in the APN patients. 3) Some of the APN patients developed fatty livers during the study. When the APN patients were subdivided on the basis of whether they had fatty livers, it was found that only those patients who did not accumulate fat showed an improvement in their plasma albumin concentration during the period of parenteral nutrition.

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