Glycoxidation, and protein and DNA oxidation in patients with diabetes mellitus

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KRAPFENBAUER ◽  
R. BIRNBACHER ◽  
H. VIERHAPPER ◽  
K. HERKNER ◽  
D. KAMPEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Radical Attack

1.The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the diabetic state is being investigated extensively. Although oxidative stress has been reported in terms of glycoxidation, protein oxidation and DNA oxidation in diabetes mellitus, oxidation parameters have not been determined in parallel on the same study population. 2.We studied 24 patients with diabetes mellitus (14 patients with Type I diabetes with a mean age of 62.3±6.3 years and 10 patients with Type II diabetes aged 67.3±5.9 years) and compared them with age-matched non-diabetic controls. Urinary o-tyrosine, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and pentosidine measurements by HPLC were made on two occasions (t1 and t2). 3.A clear statistical difference was found between diabetic patients and controls at t1 or t2 for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and pentosidine, but not for o-tyrosine. No significant correlations were found between clinical and other laboratory parameters except high-density lipoprotein and uric acid. We revealed significantly increased glycoxidation and DNA oxidation in patients with Type I and Type II diabetes, but protein oxidation was not different from controls. 4.The finding of increased glycoxidation reflects increased oxidation of the carbohydrate moiety, whereas the increased levels of oxidized DNA may also be interpreted as due to increased DNA repair. The increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine does not indicate the generation of an individual active oxygen species, but DNA could have been oxidized simply by alkenals from lipid peroxidation, as e.g. malondialdehyde. As no difference in protein oxidation (i.e. o-tyrosine) between diabetics and controls could be revealed, the oxidation of DNA by hydroxyl radical attack is unlikely, as o-tyrosine was proposed as a marker for hydroxyl radical attack. Therefore, the message is that increased glycoxidation can be confirmed, protein oxidation does not appear to take place and increased DNA oxidation is still not proven, as increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine may simply reflect repair.

Knowledge of Hypoglycemic Symptoms and their Self-Management among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2962
Author(s):  
Aneel Kumar ◽  
Zahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Sham Lal Prithiani ◽  
Bashir Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Aim: To determine knowledge of hypoglycaemic symptoms & their self-management among pts with type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: OPD Clinic of Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana from 23rd May 2019 to 22nd November 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients with type II diabetes mellitus of age 35- 60 years were selected. Patients with type I DM and neuro-psychiatric illness were excluded. The symptoms of hypoglycemia and their responses to those symptoms were recorded. Results: The mean age of 47.07±6.04years and majority of the patients 83 (61.48%) were between 46-60 years of age. Seventy two (53.33%) were male and 63 (46.67%) were females. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.90±3.86 years. Adequate knowledge of hypoglycemic symptoms and their self-management among patients with type II diabetes mellitus was found in 62 (56.9%) patients. Conclusion: Hypoglycemic patients are significantly unaware of their condition and have a very low knowledge about hypoglycemia and its self-management. Keywords: Type II diabetes, Hypoglycemic symptoms, Knowledge

Plasma endothelin-1 and total insulin exposure in diabetes mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming WOLLESEN ◽  
Lars BERGLUND ◽  
Christian BERNE
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Insulin stimulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in a dose-response relationship, and ET-1 effects on vascular wall structure are similar to the long-term complications of diabetes. We therefore determined whether the plasma ET-1 concentration in patients with diabetes is associated with their total insulin exposure to see if plasma ET-1 might be a link between insulin exposure and long-term complications of diabetes. We studied 69 patients with Type I and 40 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in equally tight glycaemic control for 2 years in a cross-sectional design. We measured basal and glucagon-stimulated plasma C-peptide, abdominal sagittal diameter, skinfold thickness, glomerular filtration rate, albumin excretion rate and standard clinical characteristics. Mean HbA1c was 6.4% in Type I and 6.3% in Type II diabetes. Patients with an albumin excretion rate > 300 μg/min were excluded. Adjusted mean plasma ET-1 was 4.11 (S.E.M. 0.39) pg/ml in 21 normal subjects, 3.47 (0.19) pg/ml in Type I diabetes and 4.84 (0.26) pg/ml in Type II diabetes (P = 0.0001). In all patients with measurable plasma C-peptide, plasma ET-1 was associated with basal plasma C-peptide (r = 0.5018, P < 0.0001), with stimulated plasma C-peptide (r = 0.5379, P < 0.0001), and with total daily insulin dose (r = 0.2219, P = 0.00851). Abdominal obesity, metabolic abnormalities, blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate were not associated with plasma ET-1, when corrected for C-peptide and daily insulin dose. Our study shows that the plasma concentration of ET-1 is closely associated with insulin secretion and insulin dose in patients with diabetes. Plasma ET-1 is higher in Type II diabetes than in Type I diabetes. Increased insulin exposure in patients with diabetes may have long-term effects on vascular wall structure through its stimulation of ET-1 expression.

Differential Alterations of Spontaneous and Stimulated 45Ca2+ Uptake by Platelets from Patients with Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasvinder K Gill ◽  
Vivian Fonseca ◽  
Paresh Dandona ◽  
Dimitri P Mikhailidis ◽  
Gianni D Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

Changes in plasma lipids and markers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. TOESCU ◽  
S. L. NUTTALL ◽  
U. MARTIN ◽  
P. NIGHTINGALE ◽  
M. J. KENDALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Women

The purpose of the present study was to determine changes in plasma lipids and markers of oxidative stress longitudinally in pregnancy complicated by diabetes compared with non-diabetic pregnancy. This was carried out by following a group of normal pregnant women (n=17) and groups of pregnant women with Type I diabetes (n=19), Type II diabetes (n=12) and gestational diabetes mellitus (n=12) throughout pregnancy, with sampling carried out at the end of each trimester. Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were determined using standard colorimetric techniques and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profile by disc PAGE. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by enhanced chemiluminescence and lipid hydroperoxides by the ferrous oxidation of Xylenol Orange method. Total cholesterol and triacylglycerols increased significantly throughout pregnancy in all groups, but there were no significant differences between normal and diabetic women with respect to either. The LDL score was significantly higher (P<0.001) in diabetic women compared with normal women at each point throughout pregnancy, although there were no significant differences between the diabetic groups. There was evidence of greater oxidative stress in diabetic compared with normal women throughout. Corrected TAC was significantly lower (P<0.001) in all diabetic women throughout pregnancy. In addition, lipid hydroperoxides were higher in all diabetic compared with normal women, particularly so in those with Type II diabetes (P<0.05). These changes may have important implications for diabetic women during pregnancy, as an elevated risk of pre-eclampsia is thought to reflect an oxidative stress-related mechanism. In addition, these changes may have important implications for the development of atherosclerosis and the long-term cardiovascular health of women with diabetes.

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