The innate immune system and diabetes mellitus: the relevance of periodontitis? A hypothesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Lazenby ◽  
Martin A. Crook
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Dm

About a decade ago, a hypothesis was proposed suggesting that the innate immune system, including acute-phase reactants, contribute to the development of T2DM [Type 2 DM (diabetes mellitus)] and the metabolic syndrome. In this model, it was hypothesized that the innate immune system modulates the effects of many factors, including genes, fetal programming, nutrition and aging, upon the later development of metabolic problems associated with insulin resistance. In this present article, we expand this hypothesis by looking at the involvement of periodontitis in DM and its complications. Periodontitis is a common inflammatory process involving the innate immune system and is associated with DM. We will also illustrate how dental disease is important in patients with DM and could be implicated in various diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Activation

CONTEXTO: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering, in free-living populations, of cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors generally linked to insulin resistance, obesity and central obesity. Consonant with the well-established inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease, the metabolic syndrome is now being investigated in relation to its inflammatory nature. OBJETIVO: We present cross-sectional findings demonstrating that markers of inflammation correlate with components of the metabolic syndrome, and prospective findings of the ARIC Study indicating that markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction predict the development of diabetes mellitus and weight gain in adults. We present biological evidence to suggest that chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome, characterizing the common soil for the causality of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Better understanding of the role of the innate immune system in these diseases may lead to important advances in the prediction and management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Autoinflammatory syndromes in neurology: when our first line of defence misbehaves

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003031
Author(s):  
William K Diprose ◽  
Anthony Jordan ◽  
Neil E Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
First Line ◽  
Autoinflammatory Syndromes ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
Neurological Features

Autoinflammatory syndromes result in a defective innate immune system. They are characterised by unexplained fever and systemic inflammation involving the skin, muscle, joints, serosa and eyes, along with elevated acute phase reactants. Autoinflammatory syndromes are increasingly recognised as a cause of neurological disease with a diverse range of manifestations. Corticosteroids, colchicine and targeted therapies are effective if started early, and hence the importance of recognising these syndromes. Here, we review the neurological features of specific autoinflammatory syndromes and our approach (as adult neurologists) to their diagnosis.

NOD1 receptor is up-regulated in diabetic human and murine myocardium

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 665-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Prieto ◽  
María Teresa Vallejo-Cremades ◽  
Gemma Benito ◽  
Pilar González-Peramato ◽  
Daniel Francés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Murine Models

We demonstrate that the myocardium from murine models of diabetes and the myocardium of patients with Type 2 diabetes overexpress the receptor of the innate immune system NOD1. This up-regulation occurred in cardiomyocytes and was associated with an increased apoptotic profile.

scholarly journals Is Type 2 Diabetes an Autoimmune-Inflammatory Disorder of the Innate Immune System?

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 4189-4191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Kohn ◽  
Brian Wallace ◽  
Frank Schwartz ◽  
Kelly McCall
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder

scholarly journals Vitamin D and inflammation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: public health relevance

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Alaa Badawi ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Mohamed H. Al Thani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. To reduce the disease risk and burden at the population level, preventative strategies should be developed with minimal cost and effort and with no side-effects. Low-grade inflammation resulting from imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with an array of chronic disorders that predispose to the later development of T2DM (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance). As a result, inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of this inflammatory response via modulating the innate immune system could lead to improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with vitamin D may represent a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review examines current knowledge linking T2DM to chronic low-grade inflammation and the role of vitamin D in modulating this relationship. The concept that vitamin D, via attenuating inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to health care and public health practices.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Sri Lankan Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using WHO, NCEP-ATP III, and IDF Definitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. M. Herath ◽  
N. P. Weerasinghe ◽  
T. P. Weerarathna ◽  
A. Amarathunga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background. Presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, recognition of MetS in type 2 DM is important in initiating the appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. The commonly used definitions have similarities and discrepancies. Aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MetS among patients with type 2DM using all three well known (WHO, IDF, and NCEP-ATP III) definitions and to identify the concordance and the difference of these three definitions. Methods. This cross-sectional study included patients with type 2 DM who were followed up at the regional diabetes centre in Galle, Sri Lanka. A total of 2913 type 2 DM patients were recruited by convenient sampling method, and their clinical and biochemical data were collected. Results. The mean age (SD) of the sample was 49.9 (10.2) years and the mean duration of diabetes was 5.04 (5.71). Prevalence of MetS was highest by WHO (70%) followed by IDF (44%) and NCEP-ATP III (29%) definitions. The prevalence was significantly higher in women according to all three definitions, and the difference was most marked with NCEP-ATP III and IDF definitions. Around 25% were identified as having MetS by all three definitions whereas around 45% were recognized with MetS by two definitions. While concordances between WHO with IDF (0.37, p < 0.001) and NCEP-ATP III (0.24, p < 0.001) criteria were poor, they were average (0.53, p < 0.001) between NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. Conclusions. The prevalence of MetS among patients with type 2 DM can significantly be varied based on the definition used and the three definitions of MetS recognized different set of individuals. The highest prevalence of MetS was observed with WHO (70.6%) whereas lowest was observed with NCEP-ATP III definition.

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