scholarly journals Antibodies and antibody-derived analytical biosensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Sharma ◽  
Hannah Byrne ◽  
Richard J. O'Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Biological Warfare Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents

The rapid diagnosis of many diseases and timely initiation of appropriate treatment are critical determinants that promote optimal clinical outcomes and general public health. Biosensors are now being applied for rapid diagnostics due to their capacity for point-of-care use with minimum need for operator input. Antibody-based biosensors or immunosensors have revolutionized diagnostics for the detection of a plethora of analytes such as disease markers, food and environmental contaminants, biological warfare agents and illicit drugs. Antibodies are ideal biorecognition elements that provide sensors with high specificity and sensitivity. This review describes monoclonal and recombinant antibodies and different immobilization approaches crucial for antibody utilization in biosensors. Examples of applications of a variety of antibody-based sensor formats are also described.

scholarly journals Glycan heterogeneity on gold nanoparticles increases lectin discrimination capacity in label-free multiplexed bioassays

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (14) ◽  
pp. 4305-4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucienne Otten ◽  
Denise Vlachou ◽  
Sarah-Jane Richards ◽  
Matthew I. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Biological Warfare Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Glycan Heterogeneity ◽  
Analytical Tools

The development of new analytical tools as point-of-care biosensors is crucial to combat the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the context of drug-resistant organisms, or to detect biological warfare agents.

Clinical Toxicology: Selected Drugs of Abuse and Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapons Convention ◽  
Biological Warfare Agents ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Warfare Agents

Approximately 10% of the US population 12 years or older uses illicit drugs. Although illicit drug use is typically considered a disease of the young, substance misuse is also a serious risk for older persons. Chemical and biological agents have been used in warfare for millennia. Chemical weapons are regulated under the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention. Classic chemical weapons include nerve agents, vesicants, blood agents (cellular asphyxiants [eg, cyanide]), choking agents (pulmonary toxicity [eg, phosgene and chlorine]), and incapacitating agents (nonlethal [eg, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate]). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifies biological warfare agents into Category A, B, or C. Category A agents are of greatest concern.

scholarly journals Competitive SNP-LAMP probes for rapid and robust single-nucleotide polymorphism detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland B Hyman ◽  
Clare R Christopher ◽  
Philip A Romero
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
And Shifts

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common source of genetic variation between individuals and have implications in human disease, pathogen drug resistance, and agriculture. SNPs are typically detected using DNA sequencing, which requires advanced sample preparation and instrumentation, and thus cannot be deployed for on-site testing or in low-resource settings. In this work we have developed a simple and robust assay to rapidly detect SNPs in nucleic acid samples. Our approach combines LAMP-based target amplification with fluorescent probes to detect SNPs with high specificity in a one-pot reaction format. A competitive "sink" strand preferentially binds to off-target products and shifts the free energy landscape to favor specific activation by SNP products. We demonstrated the broad utility and reliability of our SNP-LAMP method by detecting three distinct SNPs across the human genome. We also designed an assay to rapidly detect highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. This work demonstrates that competitive SNP-LAMP is a powerful and universal method that could be applied in point-of-care settings to detect any target SNP with high specificity and sensitivity.

scholarly journals A rapid and affordable point of care test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 based on hemagglutination and artificial intelligence interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Redecke ◽  
Kazuki Tawaratsumida ◽  
Erin T. Larragoite ◽  
Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams ◽  
Vicente Planelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
A Cell

AbstractDiagnostic tests that detect antibodies (AB) against SARS-CoV-2 for evaluation of seroprevalence and guidance of health care measures are important tools for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Current tests have certain limitations with regard to turnaround time, costs and availability, particularly in point-of-care (POC) settings. We established a hemagglutination-based AB test that is based on bi-specific proteins which contain a dromedary-derived antibody (nanobody) binding red blood cells (RBD) and a SARS-CoV-2-derived antigen, such as the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (Spike-RBD). While the nanobody mediates swift binding to RBC, the antigen moiety directs instantaneous, visually apparent hemagglutination in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific AB generated in COVID-19 patients or vaccinated individuals. Method comparison studies with assays cleared by emergency use authorization demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity. To further increase objectivity of test interpretation, we developed an image analysis tool based on digital image acquisition (via a cell phone) and a machine learning algorithm based on defined sample-training and -validation datasets. Preliminary data, including a small clinical study, provides proof of principle for test performance in a POC setting. Together, the data support the interpretation that this AB test format, which we refer to as ‘NanoSpot.ai’, is suitable for POC testing, can be manufactured at very low costs and, based on its generic mode of action, can likely be adapted to a variety of other pathogens.

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