scholarly journals Retromer dependent changes in cellular homeostasis and Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Zebin Li ◽  
Rohan D. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cellular Trafficking ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Retromer Complex ◽  
Endosomal System ◽  
Cargo Sorting

Abstract To date, mechanistic treatments targeting the initial cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are limited due to the underlying biological cause(s) been unclear. Endosomes and their associated cellular homeostasis processes have emerged to have a significant role in the pathophysiology associated with PD. Several variants within retromer complex have been identified and characterised within familial PD patients. The retromer complex represents a key sorting platform within the endosomal system that regulates cargo sorting that maintains cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarise the current understandings of how PD-associated retromer variants disrupt cellular trafficking and how the retromer complex can interact with other PD-associated genes to contribute to the disease progression.

Sleep problems affect quality of life in Parkinson's disease along disease progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Liguori ◽  
Valentino De Franco ◽  
Rocco Cerroni ◽  
Matteo Spanetta ◽  
Nicola Biagio Mercuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Sleep Problems

Dissecting the Effects of Disease and Treatment on Impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison C. Simioni ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Lesley K. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task

AbstractConverging evidence, including observations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), suggests that dopamine plays a role in impulsivity. This multi-faceted construct includes considerations of both time and risk; determining how these more specific processes are affected by PD and dopaminergic treatment can inform neurobiological models. We examined the effects of PD and its treatment on temporal discounting and risky decision-making in a cohort of 23 mild-moderate PD patients and 20 healthy participants. Patients completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and a temporal discounting paradigm both on and off their usual dopamine replacement therapy. PD patients did not differ from controls in their initial risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, but took progressively more risks across trials when on medication. A subset of patients and controls was tested again, 1.5–3 years later, to explore the effects of disease progression. On follow-up, baseline risk-taking diminished in patients, but the tendency to take increasing risks across trials persisted. Neither disease progression nor its treatment affected the temporal discounting rate. These findings suggest a different neural basis for temporal discounting and risk-taking, and demonstrate that risk-taking can be further decomposed into initial and trial-by-trial effects, with dopamine affecting only the latter. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Treatment of Parkinson’s Diseases

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The neurodegenerative disorder is a prolonged persistence curse and effect on economic and physical challenges in an aging world. Parkinson has come in the second category of disability disorders and associated with progressive dopaminergic neuronal degeneration with severe motor complications. It is an observation that gradual disease progression causes 70% degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Globally there are around 7-10 million patients with Parkinson's disease, however, there are huge efforts for therapeutic improvement. According to studies, no single molecular pathway was pointed out as a single etiology to control disease progression due to a lack of targeted therapeutic strategies. Previously implemented symptomatic treatments include L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), deep brain stimulation, and the surgical insertion of a medical device. This leads to dyskinesia, dystonia and a higher risk of major surgical complications respectively. However, not all the above-mentioned therapies cannot regenerate the dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease patients. Recent advances in the field of cellular therapy have shown promising outcomes by differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons under the influence of a regenerative substance. In this review, we have discussed the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons by using different cell types that can be used as a cellular therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease. The information was collected through a comprehensive search using the keywords, “Parkinson Disease, Dopamine, Brain derived neurotrophic factor and neuron from reliable search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline reviews from the year 2010 to 2020.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Behavior Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease with Alteration of FDG-PET Irrespective of Age

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Fulvio Lauretani ◽  
Livia Ruffini ◽  
Crescenzo Testa ◽  
Marco Salvi ◽  
Mara Scarlattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Motor Symptoms

Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Post-mortem studies are an important step and could help to comprehend not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other clinical domains, including cognition, behavior and impulse control disorders (ICDs). The correlation of neuropathological extension of the disease with the clinical stages remains challenging. Molecular imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computed tomography (SPECT), could allow for bridging the gap by providing in vivo evidence of disease extension. In the last decade, we have observed a plethora of reports describing improvements in the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. These data contribute to increasing the accuracy of PD diagnosis, differentiating PD from other causes of parkinsonism and also obtaining a surrogate marker of disease progression. FDG-PET has been used to measure cerebral metabolic rates of glucose, a proxy for neuronal activity, in PD. Many studies have shown that this technique could be used in early PD, where reduced metabolic activity correlates with disease progression and could predict histopathological diagnosis. The aim of this work is to report two particular cases of PD in which the assessment of brain metabolic activity (from FDG-PET) has been combined with clinical aspects of non-motor symptoms. Integration of information on neuropsychological and metabolic imaging allows us to improve the treatment of PD patients irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Writers Are Common among Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anna Aasly ◽  
Jan O. Aasly
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Personality Profile

Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients may have a specific personality profile, which includes being introvert, cautious and devoted to hard work. The evaluation of psychological characteristics must be evaluated according to methods for assessments of personality disorders. Such evaluations are often time-consuming and available only in research settings. The “parkinsonian trait” may be established early in life but may change with disease progression. To overcome this long interval before onset of PD questions on literary activities were included in the medical record. Three percent of PD patients could be defined as writers, significantly higher than observed in the general population. PD writers published their first books long before onset of disease. Being a writer is an extrovert trait meaning that the patient is prepared for criticism and publicity. We suggest that questions regarding personal activities prior to disease onset add valuable information on personality which differs significantly from traits observed later in the disease period.

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