Effects of Blocked and Random Practice Schedule on Outcomes of Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Results of a Group Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6S) ◽  
pp. 1739-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Christina Nessler ◽  
Sandra Wright ◽  
Shannon C. Mauszycki ◽  
Catharine DeLong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Percent Change

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of schedule of practice (i.e., blocked vs. random) on outcomes of Sound Production Treatment (SPT; Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, West, & Doyle, 1998) for speakers with chronic acquired apraxia of speech and aphasia. Method A combination of group and single-case experimental designs was used. Twenty participants each received SPT administered with randomized stimuli presentation (SPT-R) and SPT applied with blocked stimuli presentation (SPT-B). Treatment effects were examined with respect to accuracy of articulation as measured in treated and untreated experimental words produced during probes. Results All participants demonstrated improved articulation of treated items with both practice schedules. Effect sizes were calculated to estimate magnitude of change for treated and untreated items by treatment condition. No significant differences were found for SPT-R and SPT-B relative to effect size. Percent change over the highest baseline performance was also calculated to provide a clinically relevant indication of improvement. Change scores associated with SPT-R were significantly higher than those for SPT-B for treated items but not untreated items. Conclusion SPT can result in improved articulation regardless of schedule of practice. However, SPT-R may result in greater gains for treated items. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5116831

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

Effects of Treatment Intensity on Outcomes in Acquired Apraxia of Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1S) ◽  
pp. 306-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Sandra Wright ◽  
Emily Boss ◽  
Shannon C. Mauszycki ◽  
Catharine DeLong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Distributed Application ◽  
Link Type

Purpose This investigation was designed to examine the effects of treatment intensity (i.e., dose frequency) on the outcomes of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Five men with chronic apraxia of speech and aphasia received both intense SPT (3 hr per day/3 days per week) and nonintense/traditional SPT (SPT-T; 1 hr per day/3 days per week) in the context of single-case experimental designs. Each treatment was applied separately to a designated set of experimental words with 1 treatment applied at a time. Twenty-seven treatment sessions were conducted with each phase of treatment. Accuracy of articulation of target sounds within treated and untreated experimental words was measured during the course of the investigation. Results All participants demonstrated improved articulation with both treatment intensities. Better maintenance of gains for treated items was found with SPT-T for 2 participants as measured at an 8-week posttreatment retention probe. Superior maintenance of increased accuracy of production of untreated items was also observed with SPT-T for all participants. Conclusion A less intense (distributed) application of SPT facilitated better maintenance of improved articulatory accuracy for untreated items, and in some cases treated items, than intense SPT. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5734053

scholarly journals Sound Production Treatment: Synthesis and Quantification of Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallin J. Bailey ◽  
Kelly Eatchel ◽  
Julie Wambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Response Generalization ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Data

Purpose This investigation was designed to provide a quantification and synthesis of a series of single-case experimental design investigations into the effects of sound production treatment, an articulatory-kinematic treatment for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). The main purpose was to perform a meta-analysis of aggregated sound production treatment data in order to provide benchmarks to serve as indicators of magnitude of change. Additional analyses explored various factors influencing effect sizes and level of performance. Method Effect sizes were calculated for treated and untreated items for 24 participants across 10 investigations. Benchmarks were calculated as the quartiles of the distributions of the effect sizes. Correlational analyses were performed to examine (a) end-of-treatment performance relative to follow-up performance, (b) response of trained items relative to untrained items, and (c) effect size relative to participant variables. Results Effect sizes were predominantly large and positive; benchmarks for treated items were larger than those for untreated items. End of treatment and follow-up performance were positively correlated, and response generalization was positively correlated with AOS severity. Conclusion These benchmarks may assist in evaluating the effects of interventions for individuals with AOS utilizing similar outcome measures in both clinical and research settings.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Dynamic Assessment Research in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raegan Murphy ◽  
David J.F. Maree
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Original Intention ◽  
Assessment Research ◽  
Do So

The need for tertiary education screening in South Africa has highlighted the role dynamic assessment has to play in this regard, and as no cumulative statistical conclusions can be drawn from single case studies, it was considered timely to do so. In order to address this gap in the field, a meta-analysis was conducted on studies that focused on the efficacy of dynamic assessment interventions within various settings. Fewer research studies dealing with dynamic assessment have been conducted in South Africa as compared to overseas research in the same area. The study served a two-fold purpose: first, to assess the significance of the synthesized effect size from a number of individual studies whose original intention was an investigation of the significance of dynamic assessment interventions; second, to compare two meta-analytic software programs that are freely available online. Small to average effect sizes of 0.3354 and 0.3481 were generated respectively by both programs, with the typical effect size ranging from 0.2–0.8. The method and results of this meta-analysis are discussed along with the limitations inherent in both the programs and we conclude with recommendations for further meta-analytic studies in South Africa within the field of dynamic assessment.

scholarly journals Assessing Consistency in Single-Case A-B-A-B Phase Designs

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Tanious ◽  
Tamal Kumar De ◽  
Bart Michiels ◽  
Wim Van den Noortgate ◽  
Patrick Onghena
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Current Article

Previous research has introduced several effect size measures (ESMs) to quantify data aspects of single-case experimental designs (SCEDs): level, trend, variability, overlap, and immediacy. In the current article, we extend the existing literature by introducing two methods for quantifying consistency in single-case A-B-A-B phase designs. The first method assesses the consistency of data patterns across phases implementing the same condition, called CONsistency of DAta Patterns (CONDAP). The second measure assesses the consistency of the five other data aspects when changing from baseline to experimental phase, called CONsistency of the EFFects (CONEFF). We illustrate the calculation of both measures for four A-B-A-B phase designs from published literature and demonstrate how CONDAP and CONEFF can supplement visual analysis of SCED data. Finally, we discuss directions for future research.

A Pilot Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment for Italian Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ilaria Scarcella ◽  
Letizia Michelazzo ◽  
Patricia McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Stress Patterns

Background The Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) treatment is an effective intervention designed to address the planning and programming disorder found in childhood apraxia of speech. To date, no study has considered its use with children who speak languages other than English. Aim This pilot study aimed to examine the use of ReST treatment with Italian children. We hypothesized that the ReST approach would improve the overall accuracy of the targeted behaviors of lexical stress, smoothness, and phonemic accuracy, whereas phonemic and phonetic accuracy of untreated items would remain stable. Method Two monolingual Italian-speaking children with childhood apraxia of speech received therapy in 12 one-hour sessions, 2–3 times per week, using a single-case experimental design. The treatment procedures used in English were replicated in Italian with one change: In English, two stress patterns are treated. Italian commonly uses three stress patterns; therefore, the stimuli were modified accordingly. Accuracy of articulation, lexical stress, and smoothness were assessed at pretreatment and 1 day, 1 week, and 4 months posttreatment in treated and untreated pseudowords and in real words and sentences. Results Both children improved on treated pseudowords and real words with moderate effect sizes, but only one child generalized to untreated pseudowords. Maintenance of treatment results was observed in both participants. Articulation of control phonemes did not change. Conclusions ReST treatment in Italian is feasible, and a treatment effect was found, showing that its use may be valid in languages other than English. Further research is required. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00133

Effect size estimation for combined single-case experimental designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Moeyaert ◽  
Diana Akhmedjanova ◽  
John Ferron ◽  
S. Natasha Beretvas ◽  
Wim Van den Noortgate
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Effect Size Estimation

scholarly journals Performance Criteria-based Effect Size (PCES) Measurement of Single-case Experimental Designs: A Real-World Data Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Aydin ◽  
René Tanious
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Relationship

Visual analysis and nonoverlap-based effect sizes are predominantly used in analyzing single case experimental designs (SCEDs). Although they are popular analytical methods for SCEDs, they have certain limitations. In this study, a new effect size calculation model for SCEDs, named performance criteria-based effect size (PCES), is proposed considering the limitations of four nonoverlap-based effect size measures, widely accepted in the literature and blend well with visual analysis. In the field test of PCES, actual data from published studies were utilized, and the relationship between PCES, visual analysis, and the four nonoverlap-based methods was examined. In determining the data to be used in the field test, 1,012 tiers (AB phases) were identified from four journals, which have the highest frequency of SCEDs studies, published between 2015 and 2019. The findings revealed a weak or moderate relationship between PCES and nonoverlap-based methods due to its focus on performance criteria. Although PCES has some weaknesses, it promises to eliminate the causes that may create issues in nonoverlap-based methods, using quantitative data to determine socially significant changes in behavior and complement visual analysis.

scholarly journals Performance Criteria-Based Effect Size (PCES) Measurement of Single-Case Experimental Designs: A Real-World Data Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Effect Size Measurement

To date, several effect size measurement methods have been proposed to determine the effect sizes of single case experimental designs (SCEDs) based on probability, mean or overlap. All these methods have certain considerable limitations. In this study, a new effect size calculation model for SCEDs, named performance criteria-based effect size (PCES), is proposed considering the limitations of four nonoverlap-based effect size measures, which are widely accepted in the literature and blend well with visual analysis. In the field test of PCES, real data from published studies were utilized and the relationship between PCES, visual analysis and the four nonoverlap-based methods was examined. In determining the data to be used in the field test, 1,012 tiers (AB phases) were identified from the issues of the four journals, which have most frequency SCEDs studies, published in the last five years. The findings revealed a weak or moderate relationship between PCES and nonoverlap-based methods due to its focus on performance criteria. Although PCES has some weaknesses, it was found to be promising in eliminating the cases that may create issues in nonoverlap-based methods, using quantitative data to determine the presence of socially important changes in behavior and complementing the visual analysis.

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