A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Language Development in Late Talkers

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ellis Weismer ◽  
Jamie Murray-Branch ◽  
Jon F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Late Talker ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This longitudinal investigation charted the course of cognitive and language development from the prelinguistic period to multiword productions in 19 typically developing (TD) toddlers and 4 toddlers who were subsequently identified as having late onset of expressive language. Assessments were conducted at 3-month intervals over a 21-month period, with 12 months of prospective assessment data comparing the TD and late talker (LT) subjects (mean CA: 13 to 25 months) and 9 months of follow-up data (mean CA: 25–34 months) on the 4 subjects who were identified as late talkers at age 2. Three different developmental profiles were identified, and predictors of expressive language outcomes for the LT subjects were evaluated.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Phonological Development in Late Talkers

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lynn Williams ◽  
Mary Elbert
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose: This study involved prospective longitudinal data on 5 late talkers to provide information about the course of phonological development in order to identify possible predictors of delayed versus deviant development. Method: Five children (3 boys, 2 girls) were identified as late talkers and divided into a younger group and an older group. Each child was followed monthly for 10 to 12 months (22–33 months for the younger group and 30–42 months for the older group). Two types of monthly language samples (free play and elicited) were obtained to describe the individual courses of phonological development for each child. Independent and relational analyses were completed at each age to describe word-initial and word-final phonetic inventories, syllable structure, syllable diversity, percentage of consonants correct (PCC), sound variability, and error patterns. Results: The results indicated that 3 of the children resolved their late onset of speech by 33 to 35 months of age. In addition to quantitative factors, (e.g., limited phonetic inventory, lower PCC, and more sound errors), qualitative variables (e.g., atypical error patterns, greater sound variability, and slower rate of resolution) also were identified as potential markers of long-term phonological delay. Clinical Implications: This study provides information to clinicians so they can identify those children who are less likely to resolve their late onset of phonological development without direct intervention. Procedures are described for assessing early linguistic behaviors that incorporate independent and relational analyses on more extensive speech samples (elicited and free play). From these analyses, clinicians can examine quantitative and qualitative variables to differentiate phonological delay from deviance.

History of Middle Ear Involvement and Speech/Language Development in Late Talkers

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Paul ◽  
Timothy F. Lynn ◽  
Marla Lohr-Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
History Of

Late-talking and normally speaking toddlers with and without histories of middle ear involvement were followed for 2 years to assess speech and expressive language outcomes. Results revealed no differences in expressive language outcome that could be attributed to history of middle ear involvement in either group. There did seem to be differences in outcome on measures of articulation that were associated with history of middle ear involvement. The implications of these findings for treatment of otitis media and for referral of late-talking toddlers for speech and language services are discussed.

scholarly journals Reduced frontal gamma power at 24 months is associated with better expressive language in toddlers at risk for autism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Wilkinson ◽  
April R. Levin ◽  
Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Helen Tager-Flusberg ◽  
Charles A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Infant Siblings ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTGamma oscillations have been associated with early language development in typically developing toddlers, and gamma band abnormalities have been observed in individuals with ASD, as well high-risk infant siblings (those having an older sibling with autism), as early as 6-months of age. The current study investigated differences in baseline frontal gamma power and its association with language development in toddlers at high versus low familial risk for autism. EEG recordings as well as cognitive and behavioral assessments were acquired at 24-months as part of prospective, longitudinal study of infant siblings of children with and without autism. Diagnosis of autism was determined at 24–36 months, and data was analyzed across three outcome groups - low risk without ASD (n=43), high-risk without ASD (n=42), and high-risk with ASD (n=16). High-risk toddlers without ASD had reduced baseline frontal gamma power (30–50Hz) compared to low-risk toddlers. Among high-risk toddlers increased frontal gamma was only marginally associated with ASD diagnosis (p=0.06), but significantly associated with reduced expressive language ability (p=0.007). No association between gamma power and language was present in the low-risk group. These findings suggest that differences in gamma oscillations in high-risk toddlers may represent compensatory mechanisms associated with improved developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Use of Longitudinal EEG Measures in Estimating Language Development in Infants With and Without Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Wilkinson ◽  
Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Kush Kapur ◽  
Helen Tager-Flusberg ◽  
April R. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies greatly among affected individuals and is a strong predictor of later outcomes. Younger siblings of children with ASD have increased risk of ASD, but also language delay. Identifying neural markers of language outcomes in infant siblings could facilitate earlier intervention and improved outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether electroencephalography (EEG) measures from the first 2 years of life can explain heterogeneity in language development in children at low and high risk for ASD, and whether associations between EEG measures and language development are different depending on ASD risk status or later ASD diagnosis. In this prospective longitudinal study, EEG measures collected between 3 and 24 months were used in a multivariate linear regression model to estimate participants’ 24-month language development. Individual baseline longitudinal EEG measures included (1) the slope of EEG power across 3 to 12 months or 3 to 24 months of life for six canonical frequency bands, (2) the estimated EEG power at 6 months of age for the same frequency bands, and (3) terms representing the interaction between ASD risk status and EEG power measures. Modeled 24-month language scores using EEG data from either the first 2 years (Pearson p = 0.70, 95% CI [0.595, 0.783], p = 1 × 10−18) or the first year of life (Pearson p = 0.66, 95% CI [0.540, 0.761], p = 2.5 × 10−14) were highly correlated with observed scores. All models included significant interaction effects of risk on EEG measures, suggesting that EEG-language associations are different depending on risk status, and that different brain mechanisms affect language development in low- versus high-risk infants.

scholarly journals Late-talking toddlers: MLU and IPSyn outcomes at 3;0 and 4;0

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE RESCORLA ◽  
KATHERINE DAHLSGAARD ◽  
JULIE ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Nonverbal Ability ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Expressive language outcomes measured by MLU and the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) at ages 3;0 and 4;0 were investigated in 34 late talkers with normal receptive language identified between 2;0 to 2;7 and 16 typically developing comparison children matched on age, SES, and nonverbal ability. Late talkers made greater gains than comparison children between 3;0 and 4;0 in both MLU and IPSyn raw score. However, when age-standardized z-scores were analysed, the late talkers were about 2·5 standard deviations below comparison children on both measures at both ages. At 3;0, 41% of the late talkers had MLUs above the 10th percentile based on Scarborough's (1990) benchmark sample; by 4;0, 71% did so. Using the IPSyn, a more stringent measure, 34% scored above the 10th percentile at 3;0 and only 29% did so at 4;0. MLU was significantly correlated with the IPSyn at both ages for the late talkers, but only at 3;0 for the comparison children. A converging set of regression analyses indicated no group differences in the predictive relationship between MLU and IPSyn, suggesting that the late talkers were delayed on both measures but not deviant in their development.

A Clinical Synthesis of the "Late Talker" Literature

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Late Talker

"Late talkers" are most often differentiated from their normally developing peers by their limited expressive lexicons. In the majority of the studies conducted on late talkers, these children are described as producing fewer than 50 words and/or producing limited word combinations by 24 months of age. The expressive language of some of the late talkers will eventually resemble their same-age peers; however, a substantial number of these children will continue to evidence difficulties with their expressive language acquisition. This article provides a review of the literature on late talkers in order to assist speech-language pathologists as they tackle those issues that are specific to service provision with this population of children.

scholarly journals Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona-Sanae Aoyagi ◽  
Nori Takei ◽  
Tomoko Nishimura ◽  
Yoko Nomura ◽  
Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Background While it has been implied that an infant’s exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset—early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)—is relevant in this context. Objective To examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age). Methods This longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis. Exposures Early- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Expressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates. Results Results from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [−0.888 to −0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD. Conclusion Exposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.

scholarly journals Enduring Advantages of Early Cochlear Implantation for Spoken Language Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Geers ◽  
Johanna G. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Spoken Language Skills ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose In this article, the authors sought to determine whether the precise age of implantation (AOI) remains an important predictor of spoken language outcomes in later childhood for those who received a cochlear implant (CI) between 12 and 38 months of age. Relative advantages of receiving a bilateral CI after age 4.5 years, better pre-CI-aided hearing, and longer CI experience were also examined. Method Sixty children participated in a prospective longitudinal study of outcomes at 4.5 and 10.5 years of age. Twenty-nine children received a sequential second CI. Test scores were compared with normative samples of hearing age mates, and predictors of outcomes were identified. Results Standard scores on language tests at 10.5 years of age remained significantly correlated with age of first cochlear implantation. Scores were not associated with receipt of a second, sequentially acquired CI. Significantly higher scores were achieved for vocabulary as compared with overall language, a finding not evident when the children were tested at younger ages. Conclusion Age-appropriate spoken language skills continued to be more likely with younger AOI, even after an average of 8.6 years of additional CI use. Receipt of a second implant between ages 4 and 10 years and longer duration of device use did not provide significant added benefit.

scholarly journals Does late-onset ADHD share the same neurocognitive markers as childhood-onset ADHD?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Researchers in the Netherlands have published their findings from a 6-year prospective, longitudinal study that aimed to identify neurocognitive markers of late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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