A comparison of structural characteristics between old-growth and postfire second-growth hemlock-hardwood forests in Adirondack Park, New York, U. S. A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Svatek Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Adirondack Park ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Second Growth

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

scholarly journals Abundance and Size Distribution of Cavity Trees in Second-Growth and Old-Growth Central Hardwood Forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley ◽  
Martin A. Spetich ◽  
Frank R. Thompson ◽  
David R. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Class A ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tree Estimation ◽  
Cavity Tree

Abstract In central hardwood forests, mean cavity-tree abundance increases with increasing stand-size class (seedling/sapling, pole, sawtimber, old-growth). However, within a size class, the number of cavity trees is highly variable among 0.1-ha inventory plots. Plots in young stands are most likely to have no cavity trees, but some plots may have more than 50 cavity trees/ha. Plots in old-growth stands often had 25 to 55 cavity trees/ha, but individual plots ranged from 0 to 155/ha. The Weibull probability density function was used to mathematically describe the variation in cavity-tree abundance for plots in stands of differing size (or age) class. A graph of the cumulative probability of cavity-tree abundance is a particularly easy way for managers to estimate the probability that a stand of a given size class will have any specified number of cavity trees per hectare. Results for individual plots or stands can be combined to estimate cavity abundance probabilities for landscapes. Because the results are presented in terms of plot-size classes (or age classes), this approach to cavity tree estimation is compatible with relatively simple forest inventorysystems.North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):162–169.

Testing for stand dynamics effects on red spruce growth trends

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Insect Activity

Increment-core data for old-growth red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were collected for dendrochonological purposes and compared with second-growth data obtained from USDA Forest Service inventory plots in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. The research objective was to test the hypothesis suggested by J. W. Hornbeck and R. B. Smith (1985, Can. J. For. Res. 15: 1199–1201) that red spruce show reduced growth in the Northeastern United States due to stand dynamics resulting from past logging and insect activity. A graphical approach and a modeling approach based on the Kalman filter were employed. The results indicate that the growth reduction is greater in second-growth stands and that the second-growth stands are converging to an old-growth condition. This supports the stand dynamics hypothesis for second-growth stands.

Vegetation relationships among some seral ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klinka ◽  
A. M. Scagel ◽  
P. J. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Site Types

A new classification scheme is proposed for managed second-growth forests, which is based upon ecologically equivalent sites rather than purely floristic or structural characteristics of vegetation. For demonstration purposes, six structural (developmental) stages were sampled and classified. The seral stages, listed in increasing age after harvesting are as follows: initial, regeneration, early immature, late immature, mature, and old growth. The results of numerical and tabular analyses suggested the presence of two major floristic groups (seral associations) of the above seral stages: (i) Epilobium – Polytrichum (initial and regeneration seral stages) and (ii) Pseudotsuga – Hylocomium (early immature to old growth seral stages). The Epilobium – Polytrichum seral association was found to represent seral vegetation of regeneration stages on four different site types, all of which are common in southwestern British Columbia.

The temporal development of old-growth structural attributes in second-growth stands: a chronosequence study in the Coastal Western Hemlock zone in British Columbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1534-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gerzon ◽  
Brad Seely ◽  
Andy MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Growth Structure ◽  
Second Growth

One of the key issues facing forest resource planners is the conservation and recruitment of old-growth characteristics in managed forests. The paucity of long-term data sets in many regions has limited our ability to project the temporal patterns of structural development in second-growth forests. Age-based thresholds have been employed in some jurisdictions, but these lack flexibility and are arbitrary in nature. Here we conduct a chronosequence study consisting of second-growth and old-growth stands in the coastal forests of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to identify structural attributes that are suitable for quantifying and monitoring the progressive development of old-growth characteristics. The following structural attributes were identified and evaluated in the chronosequence analysis: volume and density of large live stems, standard deviation of stem DBH, density of large-diameter snags, volume of woody debris, and understory vegetation cover. The rate at which old-growth structural characteristics developed in second-growth stands varied considerably, with the earliest reaching levels observed in old-growth stands within 112 years, while most requiring 200 to greater than 250 years. The use of quantifiable measures of old-growth structure will help forest managers plan for the continued protection and recruitment of old-growth structure within managed forest landscapes.

Structure de sapinières aménagées et anciennes du massif des Laurentides (Québec) et diversité des plantes invasculaires

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2077-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Desponts ◽  
André Desrochers ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Jean Huot
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Mature Stands

This study was undertaken to determine the contribution of old-growth and senescent forest stands regenerated through clear-cutting to the biodiversity of wet boreal fir stands in eastern Quebec because overmature stands are becoming scarce in that region. The study area was located in the Laurentian Mountains north of the city of Québec. The structure and composition of nonvascular plant communities (mosses, hepatica, lichens, and saprophytic fungi) of old-growth forests were compared with those of mature or senescent fir stands harvested 60 years ago. Nonvascular plants have a more uniform structure and a lower diversity in mature than in senescent or old-growth forests. A variety of specialized soil- and wood-inhabiting species and many rare species not observed in mature stands regenerated through clear-cutting are found in the latter. Structural diversity of senescent second-growth fir stands becomes similar to that of old-growth stand because of mortality within the overstory. These structural characteristics favour the development of diversified nonvascular plant communities, especially wood-inhabiting species found on slightly decomposed woody debris and soil-inhabiting species that colonize disturbed soils.[Journal translation]

Structural Characteristics of Old-Growth Hemlock-Hardwood Forests in Relation to Age

Ecology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Tyrrell ◽  
Thomas R. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Old Growth
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