Determination of the oral susceptibility of South African livestock-associated biting midges, Culicoides species, to bovine ephemeral fever virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Venter ◽  
C. Hamblin ◽  
J. T. Paweska
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever

scholarly journals Investigation of bovine ephemeral fever virus transmission by putative dipteran vectors under experimental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Stokes ◽  
Karin E. Darpel ◽  
Simon Gubbins ◽  
Simon Carpenter ◽  
María del Mar Fernández de Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever

Abstract Background Bovine ephemeral fever virus (Rhabdoviridae: Ephemerovirus) (BEFV) causes bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), an economically important disease of cattle and water buffalo. Outbreaks of BEF in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East are characterized by high rates of morbidity and highly efficient transmission between cattle hosts. Despite this, the vectors of BEFV remain poorly defined. Methods Colony lines of biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus) were infected with a strain of BEFV originating from Israel by feeding on blood–virus suspensions and by intrathoracic inoculation. In addition, in vivo transmission of BEFV was also assessed by allowing C. sonorensis inoculated by the intrathoracic route to feed on male 6 month-old Holstein-Friesian calves. Results There was no evidence of BEFV replication within mosquitoes fed on blood/virus suspensions for mosquitoes of any species tested for each of the three colony lines. In 170 C. sonorensis fed on the blood/virus suspension, BEFV RNA was detected in the bodies of 13 individuals and in the heads of two individuals, indicative of fully disseminated infections and an oral susceptibility rate of 1.2%. BEFV RNA replication was further demonstrated in all C. sonorensis that were inoculated by the intrathoracic route with virus after 5, 6 or 7 days post-infection. Despite this, transmission of BEFV could not be demonstrated when infected C. sonorensis were allowed to feed on calves. Conclusions No evidence for infection or dissemination of BEFV (bovine/Israel/2005-6) in mosquitoes of three different species was found. Evidence was found for infection of C. sonorensis by the oral route. However, attempts to transmit BEFV to calves from infected C. sonorensis failed. These results highlight the challenge of defining the natural vector of BEFV and of establishing an in vivo transmission model. The results are discussed with reference to the translation of laboratory-based studies to inference of vector competence in the field. Graphic abstract

South African bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein sequences are phylogenetically distinct from those from the rest of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
Ruzaiq Omar ◽  
Antoinette Van Schalkwyk ◽  
Olivia Carulei ◽  
Livio Heath ◽  
Nicola Douglass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Glycoprotein ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
The World

scholarly journals A Senescence-Like Cellular Response Inhibits Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Proliferation

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Yu-Jing Zeng ◽  
Min-Kung Hsu ◽  
Chiao-An Tsai ◽  
Chun-Yen Chu ◽  
Hsing-Chieh Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever

During industrial-scale production of viruses for vaccine manufacturing, anti-viral response of host cells can dampen maximal viral antigen yield. In addition to interferon responses, many other cellular responses, such as the AMPK signaling pathway or senescence-like response may inhibit or slow down virus amplification in the cell culture system. In this study, we first performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole-genome mRNA transcriptome and found a senescence-like cellular response in BHK-21 cells when infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). To demonstrate that this senescence-like state may reduce virus growth, BHK-21 subclones showing varying degrees of a senescence-like state were infected with BEFV. The results showed that the BHK-21 subclones showing high senescence staining could inhibit BEFV replication while low senescence-staining subclones are permissive to virus replication. Using a different approach, a senescence-like state was induced in BHK-21 using a small molecule, camptothecin (CPT), and BEFV susceptibility were examined. The results showed that CPT-treated BHK-21 is more resistant to virus infection. Overall, these results indicate that a senescence-like response may be at play in BHK-21 upon virus infection. Furthermore, cell clone selection and modulating treatments using small molecules may be tools in countering anti-viral responses.

Isolation and genetic characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus from epidemic-2020 in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilke Karayel-Hacioglu ◽  
Selda Duran Yelken ◽  
Yaser Vezir ◽  
Nilay Unal ◽  
Feray Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever
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