scholarly journals Reduced cellulose synthesis invokes lignification and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cano-Delgado ◽  
Steven Penfield ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Merryn Catley ◽  
Michael Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis

scholarly journals Bacillus cereus AR156 Activates Defense Responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana Similarly to flg22

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shune Wang ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Chun Gu ◽  
Chan He ◽  
Mengying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Bacillus cereus AR156 (AR156) is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium capable of inducing systemic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that, when applied to Arabidopsis leaves, AR156 acted similarly to flg22, a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), in initiating PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). AR156-elicited PTI responses included phosphorylation of MPK3 and MPK6, induction of the expression of defense-related genes PR1, FRK1, WRKY22, and WRKY29, production of reactive oxygen species, and callose deposition. Pretreatment with AR156 still significantly reduced P. syringae pv. tomato multiplication and disease severity in NahG transgenic plants and mutants sid2-2, jar1, etr1, ein2, npr1, and fls2. This suggests that AR156-induced PTI responses require neither salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling nor flagella receptor kinase FLS2, the receptor of flg22. On the other hand, AR156 and flg22 acted in concert to differentially regulate a number of AGO1-bound microRNAs that function to mediate PTI. A full-genome transcriptional profiling analysis indicated that AR156 and flg22 activated similar transcriptional programs, coregulating the expression of 117 genes; their concerted regulation of 16 genes was confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. These results suggest that AR156 activates basal defense responses to P. syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis, similarly to flg22.

Zinc triggers signaling mechanisms and defense responses promoting resistance to Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Martos ◽  
Berta Gallego ◽  
Catalina Cabot ◽  
Mercè Llugany ◽  
Juan Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms

scholarly journals Pathogen-induced pH changes regulate the growth-defense balance of plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kesten ◽  
Francisco M. Gámez-Arjona ◽  
Stefan Scholl ◽  
Alexandra Menna ◽  
Susanne Dora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
External Signals

AbstractEnvironmental adaptation of organisms relies on fast perception and response to external signals, which lead to developmental changes. Plant cell growth is strongly dependent on cell wall remodeling. However, little is known about cell wall-related sensing of biotic stimuli and the downstream mechanisms that coordinate growth and defense responses. We generated genetically encoded pH sensors to determine absolute pH changes across the plasma membrane in response to biotic stress. A rapid apoplastic acidification by phosphorylation-based proton pump activation was followed by an acidification of the cortical side of the plasma membrane in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The proton chemical gradient modulation immediately reduced cellulose synthesis and cell growth and, furthermore, had a direct influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus. All these effects were dependent on the COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE proteins that are thus at the nexus of plant growth and defense. Hence, our discoveries show a remarkable connection between plant biomass production, immunity, and pH control, and advance our ability to investigate the plant growth-defense balance.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana AtGCN2 Kinase is Involved in Disease Resistance against Pathogens with Diverse Life Styles

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Camilla J. Kørner ◽  
Dawn Hajdu ◽  
Tingwei Guo ◽  
Katrina M. Ramonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Initiation Factor 2 ◽  
Cellular Stresses

The ability of the plants to detect diverse stress conditions and initiate cellular responses is vital to their survival in a constantly changing environment. General regulatory molecules often play crucial roles in controlling a multitude of cellular processes throughout the life span of an organism. GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a global translational regulator in all eukaryotes from yeast to mammals to plants. GCN2 plays universal roles in mitigating cellular stresses by directly binding with uncharged tRNAs and phosphorylating its target, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) serves as a general regulator of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated immune responses triggered upon infection with biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Intriguingly, we found examples of both positive and negative influence of AtGCN2 on plant immunity at different developmental stages. This effect is consistent with the variable amount of abscisic acid accumulation in plants lacking functional AtGCN2 at early stages of development. Finally, we illustrate that AtGCN2 positively contributes to water loss and might also be involved in the epidermis-mediated defense responses. 

scholarly journals Role of Volatiles from the Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma asperelloides PSU-P1 in Biocontrol Potential and in Promoting the Plant Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Nongnat Phoka ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
Shin-ichi Ito ◽  
Kenji Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Trichoderma species interact with a plant host and display multifaceted mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of VOCs emitted by Trichoderma asperelloides PSU-P1 against fungal pathogens, as well as the ability of VOCs to activate defense responses and to promote plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. The strain’s VOCs had remarkable antifungal activity against fungal pathogens, with an inhibition range of 15.92–84.95% in a volatile antifungal bioassay. The VOCs of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 promoted the plant growth of A. thaliana, thereby increasing the fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content in the VOC-treated A. thaliana relative to those of the control. High expression levels of the chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) genes were found in the VOC-treated A. thaliana by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The VOC-treated A. thaliana had higher defense-related enzyme (peroxidase (POD)) and cell wall-degrading enzyme (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) activity than in the control. The headspace VOCs produced by PSU-P1, trapped with solid phase microextraction, and tentatively identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, included 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentylfuran, acetic acid, and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP). The results suggest that T. asperelloides PSU-P1 emits VOCs responsible for antifungal activity, for promoting plant growth, and for inducing defense responses in A. thaliana.

Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans

2017 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Su ◽  
Sandra Villaume ◽  
Fanja Rabenoelina ◽  
Jérôme Crouzet ◽  
Christophe Clément ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defense Responses

Holaphyllamine, a steroid, is able to induce defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and increases resistance against bacterial infection

Planta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrakib Zahid ◽  
Rim Jaber ◽  
Ferdousse Laggoun ◽  
Arnaud Lehner ◽  
Isabelle Remy-Jouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Defense Responses

scholarly journals XopR, a Type III Effector Secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Suppresses Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama ◽  
Ayako Furutani ◽  
Seiji Tsuge ◽  
Erica J. Washington ◽  
Yoko Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Basal Defense ◽  
Delayed Growth

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice. The XopR protein, secreted into plant cells through the type III secretion apparatus, is widely conserved in xanthomonads and is predicted to play important roles in bacterial pathogenicity. Here, we examined the function of XopR by constructing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing it under control of the dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible promoter. In the transgenic plants treated with DEX, slightly delayed growth and variegation on leaves were observed. Induction of four microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-specific early-defense genes by a nonpathogenic X. campestris pv. campestris hrcC deletion mutant were strongly suppressed in the XopR-expressing plants. XopR expression also reduced the deposition of callose, an immune response induced by flg22. When transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, a XopR::Citrine fusion gene product localized to the plasma membrane. The deletion of XopR in X. oryzae pv. oryzae resulted in reduced pathogenicity on host rice plants. Collectively, these results suggest that XopR inhibits basal defense responses in plants rapidly after MAMP recognition.

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