Correlates of Youth Suicide Attempters in Australian Community and Clinical Samples

Objective: This study (i) explores differences between a clinical sample of deliberate selfpoisoning (DSP) patients and a community sample who reported previous attempted suicide (AS); and (ii) examines correlates of suicidal behaviour in these groups compared with a community control group (CC) with no suicidal behaviour. Method: The study design was: case–case, case–control and cross-sectional population studies. A clinical sample of DSP (n = 51), a community sample of AS (n = 31) and a community sample with no suicidal behaviour (n = 842) were used, all aged 18–24 years. The DSP and AS groups were compared on several variables and two logistic regression models were developed for risk of (i) DSP and (ii) AS compared to community controls. Results: The adjusted odds ratios for DSP were: female gender (OR = 5.7, CI = 1.7–19.4), anxiety (OR = 7.4, CI = 2.2–25.1), affective (OR = 23.0, CI = 6.9–76.5), or substance-use disorder (OR = 19.2, CI = 5.6–65.4) and greater mental health related disability (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.3–0.7 for 1 SD decrease). For AS the results were: anxiety (OR = 9.4, CI = 1.7–52.8) or substance-use disorder (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.1–8.7) and greater mental health disability (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.4–0.7). Affective disorder was close to significant for the AS group (OR = 4.0, CI = 0.9–17.1). Conclusions: Correlates of DSP/AS were usually more powerful in the clinical group, but showed a similar pattern of psychiatric disorder and disability factors in both groups, supporting a continuum of risk factors across these groups. Interventions based on modifiable risk factors could target the same factors for public health, primary care or hospital populations: anxiety, depression and substance use disorders and mental health related disability.

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MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY, STIGMA, SHAME AND SELF CRITICISM: A STUDY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología ◽

10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v2.416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Mª da Luz Vale-Dias ◽

Mariana Maia de Carvalho ◽

Maria Joao Martins ◽

Sandra Vieira

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Mental Health Literacy ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Mental Illness Stigma ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Internalized Shame

Abstract:Mental health literacy (MHL) and mental illness stigma (MIS) represent new horizons of study and intervention, particularly important, for both communities and clinical settings (European Commission & Portuguese Ministry of Health, 2010). In this paper we aimed to: a) describe a clinical sample (CS) and non clinical group (NCG) in aspects related to family history of psychopathology, contact with mental illness and “learning about mental illness”; b) differentiate groups in terms of MHL, shame and self criticism; c) test associations between MHL with shame and self criticism; and, in the clinical sample, d) test the relationship between self stigma, shame and self criticism; e) explore the predictor role of other’s support in self stigma. To do so we collected data from a sample of 187 young adults, including CS and NCG, using: a Sociobiographic Questionnaire; Opinions about Mental Illness (Cohen & Struening, 1962); Other as Shamer Scale (Goss, Gilbert & Allan, 1994); Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1994); and Forms of Self Criticizing and Self Reassuring Scale (Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004). Our results show that: most of the subjects learned what is mental illness at school; CS know more people that has or had mental illness than NCG; there are no differences on MHL within samples; shame and self criticism are higher in the CS and correlate with self stigma; others support predict self-stigma. Several research and clinical implications are presented.Keywords: mental health literacy, shame, self criticism, clinical sample, community sample, young-adults.

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Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being: A Rapid Survey of Clinical and Community Samples: Répercussions de la COVID-19 sur la santé mentale, l’utilisation de substances et le bien-être des adolescents : un sondage rapide d’échantillons cliniques et communautaires

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743720940562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 701-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lisa D. Hawke ◽

Skye Pamela Barbic ◽

Aristotle Voineskos ◽

Peter Szatmari ◽

Kristin Cleverley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Youth Mental Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Screening Criteria

Objectives: The current novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a time-sensitive opportunity to rapidly enhance our knowledge about the impacts of public health crises on youth mental health, substance use, and well-being. This study examines youth mental health and substance use during the pandemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 622 youth participants across existing clinical and community cohorts. Using the National Institute of Mental Health-developed CRISIS tool and other measures, participants reported on the impacts of COVID-19 on their mental health, substance use, and other constructs. Results: Reports of prepandemic mental health compared to intrapandemic mental health show a statistically significant deterioration of mental health across clinical and community samples ( P < 0.001), with greater deterioration in the community sample. A total of 68.4% of youth in the clinical sample and 39.9% in the community sample met screening criteria for an internalizing disorder. Substance use declined in both clinical and community samples ( P < 0.001), although 23.2% of youth in the clinical sample and 3.0% in the community sample met screening criteria for a substance use disorder. Participants across samples report substantial mental health service disruptions (48.7% and 10.8%) and unmet support needs (44.1% and 16.2%). Participants report some positive impacts, are using a variety of coping strategies to manage their wellness, and shared a variety of ideas of strategies to support youth during the pandemic. Conclusions: Among youth with histories of mental health concerns, the pandemic context poses a significant risk for exacerbation of need. In addition, youth may experience the onset of new difficulties. We call on service planners to attend to youth mental health during COVID-19 by bolstering the accessibility of services. Moreover, there is an urgent need to engage young people as coresearchers to understand and address the impacts of the pandemic and the short, medium, and long terms.

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Congress Should Protect Coverage for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e502612019-001 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

Disorder Treatment

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Letter to Marilyn Tavenner regarding application of strong Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act protections to Medicaid enrollees seeking access to mental health and substance use disorder services and medical/surgical services

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e526222015-001 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine C. Nordal

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Mental Health Parity ◽

Surgical Services

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Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

Psychological Services ◽

10.1037/ser0000333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 472-482

Author(s):

Danielle E. Baker ◽

Keith A. Edmonds ◽

Maegan L. Calvert ◽

Sarah M. Sanders ◽

Ana J. Bridges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

Disorder Treatment

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Coping Strategies by University Students in Response to COVID-19: Differences between Community and Clinical Groups

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2499

Author(s):

Víctor-María López-Ramos ◽

Benito León-del-Barco ◽

Santiago Mendo-Lázaro ◽

María-Isabel Polo-del-Río

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Well Being ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Cognitive Avoidance ◽

Coping Response ◽

Community Group

Last year, the COVID-19 pandemic had severe consequences on the health and well-being of millions of people. Different studies try to identify the main effects that the crisis and several lockdowns have had on the citizens’ mental health. This research analyses the coping strategies generated by students from a community group and a clinical group in response to this crisis, using the Coping Responses Inventory—Adult Form (CRI-A) by Moos with a sample of 1074 students of Universidad de Extremadura. Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis have been carried out, revealing, amongst other things, a greater predisposition of the clinical sample towards factors such as seeking guidance and support, cognitive avoidance or emotional discharge. Results show that students with prior mental health problems perform an unhealthy coping response based on avoidance strategies. This group of students suffers a double source of distress and anxiety, one derived from their prior psychopathologic problems and the stress of the lockdown and another one originating from an inefficient coping response, which makes coping strategies raise levels of distress and anxiety.

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A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210269 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Magdalena I. Tolea ◽

Jaeyeong Heo ◽

Stephanie Chrisphonte ◽

James E. Galvin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Risk Score ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cognitive Testing ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Predictive Values

Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today’s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by > 85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.

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