Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the proper functioning
of the nervous system. It regulates the growth and survival of nerve cells, and is crucial
in processes related to the memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. Abnormalities related
to the distribution and secretion of BDNF protein accompany many diseases of the nervous
system, in the course of which a significant decrease in BDNF level in the brain is observed.
Impairments of BDNF transport may occur, for example, in the event of a single nucleotide
polymorphism in the Bdnf (Val66Met) coding gene or due to the dysfunctions of the proteins
involved in intracellular transport, such as huntingtin (HTT), huntingtin-associated protein
1 (HAP1), carboxypeptidase E (CPE) or sortilin 1 (SORT1). One of the therapeutic goals in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system may be the regulation of expression and
secretion of BDNF protein by nerve cells. Potential therapeutic strategies are based on direct
injection of the protein into the specific region of the brain, the use of viral vectors expressing
the Bdnf gene, transplantation of BDNF-producing cells, the use of substances of natural
origin that stimulate the cells of the central nervous system for BDNF production, or the
use of molecules activating the main receptor for BDNF – tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB).
In addition, an appropriate lifestyle that promotes physical activity helps to increase BDNF
level in the body. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the biological role of
BDNF protein and proteins involved in intracellular transport of this neurotrophin. Moreover,
it presents contemporary research trends to develop therapeutic methods, leading to an
increase in the level of BDNF protein in the brain.
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Energy Expenditure Through the Central Nervous System in Obese Diabetic Mice
