Emergent Optical Network Integration and Control of Multi-Vendor Optical Networks for Quick Disaster Recovery

This paper proposes an alternative solution for Long-Reach Ethernet passive optical networks. The proposed scheme enables directly communication between ONUs for the transmission of local traffic and control messages, and each ONU calculates bandwidth allocation independently without participation of OLT to remedy the long propagation delay of LR-PON. This scheme also supports centralized control by OLT to change ONUs’ parameters synchronously. Simulation results show that this scheme can effectively reduce the end-to-end packet delay, while maintaining high throughput in uplink channel.

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Neurofuzzy and Biogeography-Based Optimization of Bandwidth Granularity for PON Based on Optical Path Fragmentation

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2018-0076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar ◽

V. K. Banga ◽

Amit Wason

Keyword(s):

Optical Networks ◽

Bandwidth Allocation ◽

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽

Network Performance ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Optical Network ◽

Passive Optical Network ◽

Minimum Bandwidth ◽

And Control

AbstractPassive optical network (PON) supported orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a network that is designed for subsequent generation of optical networks. During this work, the proposed algorithm consists of neurofuzzy rules which update and control the minimum bandwidth allocation granularity \left( g \right). In order to improve the quality of service, a biogeography-based optimization algorithm is introduced and a new fitness function is proposed which reduces the round trip time by enhancing the distribution scaling factor. Hence, the proposed work reduces the jitter and increases the throughput of the PON for fixed g = 1 which enhances the network performance by 3.4 % and 1.23 %, respectively.

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Performance Modeling and Analysis of WDM Optical Networks under Wavelength Continuity Constraint using MILP

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2352096512666190214105927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Swati Bhalaik ◽

Ashutosh Sharma ◽

Rajiv Kumar ◽

Neeru Sharma

Keyword(s):

Network Design ◽

Optical Networks ◽

Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽

Optical Network ◽

Optimal Path ◽

Topology Design ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Wdm Optical Networks ◽

Virtual Topology ◽

Wdm Network

Objective: Optical networks exploit the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to meet the ever-growing bandwidth demands of upcoming communication applications. This is achieved by dividing the enormous transmission bandwidth of fiber into smaller communication channels. The major problem with WDM network design is to find an optimal path between two end users and allocate an available wavelength to the chosen path for the successful data transmission. Methods: This communication over a WDM network is carried out through lightpaths. The merging of all these lightpaths in an optical network generates a virtual topology which is suitable for the optimal network design to meet the increasing traffic demands. But, this virtual topology design is an NP-hard problem. This paper aims to explore Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework to solve this design issue. Results: The comparative results of the proposed and existing mathematical models show that the proposed algorithm outperforms with the various performance parameters. Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that network congestion is reduced marginally in the overall performance of the network.

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Polarization-transparent silicon photonic add-drop multiplexer with wideband hitless tuneability

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24640-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Morichetti ◽

Maziyar Milanizadeh ◽

Matteo Petrini ◽

Francesco Zanetto ◽

Giorgio Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Networks ◽

Communication Networks ◽

Bandwidth Allocation ◽

Core Networks ◽

Reconfigurable Devices ◽

Silicon Photonic ◽

Transmission Quality ◽

And Control ◽

Integrated Device ◽

Dynamic Bandwidth

AbstractFlexible optical networks require reconfigurable devices with operation on a wavelength range of several tens of nanometers, hitless tuneability (i.e. transparency to other channels during reconfiguration), and polarization independence. All these requirements have not been achieved yet in a single photonic integrated device and this is the reason why the potential of integrated photonics is still largely unexploited in the nodes of optical communication networks. Here we report on a fully-reconfigurable add-drop silicon photonic filter, which can be tuned well beyond the extended C-band (almost 100 nm) in a complete hitless (>35 dB channel isolation) and polarization transparent (1.2 dB polarization dependent loss) way. This achievement is the result of blended strategies applied to the design, calibration, tuning and control of the device. Transmission quality assessment on dual polarization 100 Gbit/s (QPSK) and 200 Gbit/s (16-QAM) signals demonstrates the suitability for dynamic bandwidth allocation in core networks, backhaul networks, intra- and inter-datacenter interconnects.

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The Traffic Grooming Problem in Optical Networks with Respect to ADMs and OADMs: Complexity and Approximation

Algorithms ◽

10.3390/a14050151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Michele Flammini ◽

Gianpiero Monaco ◽

Luca Moscardelli ◽

Mordechai Shalom ◽

Shmuel Zaks

Keyword(s):

Cost Function ◽

Optical Networks ◽

Cost Minimization ◽

Convex Combination ◽

Optical Network ◽

Switching Cost ◽

Wavelength Assignment ◽

Intermediate Node ◽

Polynomial Time Approximation Algorithm ◽

Path Topology

All-optical networks transmit messages along lightpaths in which the signal is transmitted using the same wavelength in all the relevant links. We consider the problem of switching cost minimization in these networks. Specifically, the input to the problem under consideration is an optical network modeled by a graph G, a set of lightpaths modeled by paths on G, and an integer g termed the grooming factor. One has to assign a wavelength (modeled by a color) to every lightpath, so that every edge of the graph is used by at most g paths of the same color. A lightpath operating at some wavelength λ uses one Add/Drop multiplexer (ADM) at both endpoints and one Optical Add/Drop multiplexer (OADM) at every intermediate node, all operating at a wavelength of λ. Two lightpaths, both operating at the same wavelength λ, share the ADMs and OADMs in their common nodes. Therefore, the total switching cost due to the usage of ADMs and OADMs depends on the wavelength assignment. We consider networks of ring and path topology and a cost function that is a convex combination α·|OADMs|+(1−α)|ADMs| of the number of ADMs and the number of OADMs deployed in the network. We showed that the problem of minimizing this cost function is NP-complete for every convex combination, even in a path topology network with g=2. On the positive side, we present a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the problem.

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Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10131515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 1515

Author(s):

Maciej Sobieraj ◽

Piotr Zwierzykowski ◽

Erich Leitgeb

Keyword(s):

Optical Networks ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Optical Switching ◽

Optical Network ◽

Research Work ◽

Simulation Environment ◽

Switching Networks ◽

Traffic Characteristics ◽

Threshold Mechanism ◽

Optical Switching Networks

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of interest: new non-blocking structures for optical switching networks and finding traffic characteristics of switching networks of the structures that are already well known. In practical design of switching nodes in optical networks, in many cases, the Clos switching networks are successfully used. Clos switching networks are also used in Elastic Optical Networks that can effectively manage allocation of resources to individual multi-service traffic streams. The research outcomes presented in this article deal with the problems of finding traffic characteristics in blocking optical switching networks with known structures. This article aims at presenting an analysis of the influence of traffic management threshold mechanisms on the traffic characteristics of multi-service blocking Clos switching networks that are used in the nodes of elastic optical networks as well as their influence on the traffic efficiency of network nodes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of research studies performed in a specially dedicated purpose-made simulation environment. The article presents a description of the simulation environment used in the experiments. The study was focused on the influence of the threshold mechanism, which is one of the most commonly used and elastic traffic management mechanisms, and on the traffic characteristics of switching networks that service different mixtures of multi-service Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The conducted study validates the operational effectiveness and practicality of the application of the threshold mechanism to model traffic characteristics of nodes in an elastic optical network.

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Machine Learning Classification and Regression Approaches for Optical Network Traffic Prediction

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10131578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 1578

Author(s):

Daniel Szostak ◽

Adam Włodarczyk ◽

Krzysztof Walkowiak

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Optical Networks ◽

Network Traffic ◽

Optical Network ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Supervised Machine Learning ◽

Traffic Prediction ◽

Machine Learning Classification ◽

Classification And Regression ◽

Network Technologies

Rapid growth of network traffic causes the need for the development of new network technologies. Artificial intelligence provides suitable tools to improve currently used network optimization methods. In this paper, we propose a procedure for network traffic prediction. Based on optical networks’ (and other network technologies) characteristics, we focus on the prediction of fixed bitrate levels called traffic levels. We develop and evaluate two approaches based on different supervised machine learning (ML) methods—classification and regression. We examine four different ML models with various selected features. The tested datasets are based on real traffic patterns provided by the Seattle Internet Exchange Point (SIX). Obtained results are analyzed using a new quality metric, which allows researchers to find the best forecasting algorithm in terms of network resources usage and operational costs. Our research shows that regression provides better results than classification in case of all analyzed datasets. Additionally, the final choice of the most appropriate ML algorithm and model should depend on the network operator expectations.

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