Characterization of biomass solid wastes for bio-fuel production in Brunei Darussalam

The increasing production of steel leads to an increment of solid wastes generated especially Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag. This becomes a serious concern as the slag has to be disposed in a proper manner in order to avoid dumping in landfills which will eventually occupy available land and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. In this project, an attempt was made to utilize the EAF slag as one of the raw materials in ceramic tiles. Results obtained showed that as percentage of EAF slag added was increased up to 60%, percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption were found to increase, accompanied by reduction in flexural strength due to more severe porosity was observed in the tiles. On the other hand, reducing the percentage of EAF slag up to 40% while increasing percentage of ball clay added led to formation of higher total percentage of anortite and wollastonite minerals. This would contribute to higher flexural strength of tiles. In addition, by adding silica and feldspar, the flexural strength of tile produced was further improved due to optimization of densification process. Highest flexural strength of EAF slag based tiles was attained at composition of 40% EAF slag 30% ball clay 10% feldspar 20% silica. It was observed that properties of ceramic tiles added with EAF slag, especially flexural strength are comparable with commercial ceramic tiles. Therefore, the EAF slag ceramic tiles have great potential to be made into high flexural strength or wear resistant floor tiles.

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Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 112-118

Author(s):

Dace Âriņa ◽

Rūta Bendere ◽

Gintaras Denafas ◽

Jānis Kalnačs ◽

Mait Kriipsalu

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Heating Value ◽

Refuse Derived Fuel ◽

Morphological Composition ◽

The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

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