Modified substitution resistance method for calculating distribution energy losses

Ruri Diana Putranti, Iman Setiono, in paper calculation of energy losses of Tambak Lorok - 03 feeder as one of the pilot project program REVASS (revenue assurance) in energy reconciliation program of PT . PLN (persero) semarang area explain that in an electric power system there is a factor called the loss factor or energy depletion . This shrinkage can be found in various places on the electricity network , from generation, transmission and distribution of both to consumers . The release of energy or commonly referred to as shrinkage , the harm to the company for commercial and service in large and small quantities . Pond feeder Lorok - 03 is one of the feeders are thought to have a large enough energy depletion . This feeder is in the working area of PT . PLN Rayon East Semarang and is a feeder into the pilot established REVASS ( Revenue Assurance ) PT . PLN Semarang area . Based on mathematical calculations that have been carried out in February 2013 the amount of power loss in the feeder is 2,316,319 KWH , while in the month of March 2013 is 4,765,637 KWH and in April 2013 amounted to 18,809,238 KWH . The amount of power loss raises the average monthly percentage losses in the feeder that is between 10-20 % . This of course lead to a loss for the company , especially on the commercial side that is the size of the company to the customer's receivables . Therefore , a program in which reconciliation is REVASS this project , is one attempt to get the suitability amount of energy from the power sent to the power received at the customer . Keywords : Electric Power System , Network Distribution , Energy Losses , Reconciliation of Energy

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New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009628x ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 606-607

Author(s):

Willem H.J. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Imaging System ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Research Tool ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Theoretical Limit ◽

Optical Magnification ◽

Chromatic Aberrations ◽

High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

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Localization of DNA in chromatin using ESI and osmium ammine staining

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158121 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 116-117

Author(s):

C.L. Woodcock ◽

R.A. Horowitz ◽

D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽

A.L. Olins

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Feulgen Reaction ◽

Specific Location ◽

Eukaryotic Nucleus ◽

Chromatin Fibers ◽

Patiria Miniata ◽

Model Structures

In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and the nucleosome chain folded into ‘30nm’ chromatin fibers. A number of different model structures, each with a specific location of nucleosomal and linker DNA have been proposed for the arrangment of nucleosomes within the fiber. We are exploring two strategies for testing the models by localizing DNA within chromatin: electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of phosphorus atoms, and osmium ammine (OSAM) staining, a method based on the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction.Sperm were obtained from Patiria miniata (starfish), fixed in 2% GA in 150mM NaCl, 15mM HEPES pH 8.0, and embedded In Lowiciyl K11M at -55C. For OSAM staining, sections 100nm to 150nm thick were treated as described, and stereo pairs recorded at 40,000x and 100KV using a Philips CM10 TEM. (The new osmium ammine-B stain is available from Polysciences Inc). Uranyl-lead (U-Pb) staining was as described. ESI was carried out on unstained, very thin (<30 nm) beveled sections at 80KV using a Zeiss EM902. Images were recorded at 20,000x and 30,000x with median energy losses of 110eV, 120eV and 160eV, and a window of 20eV.

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INTEGTATED ANALYSIS AND CONTROL FOR THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEM BASED ON THERMAL RESISTANCE METHOD

10.1615/ihtc16.nee.023700 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ke-Lun He ◽

Qun Chen ◽

Yi-Fei Wang ◽

Jun-Hong Hao

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Dynamic Characteristic ◽

Resistance Method ◽

And Control

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Total Tire Energy Loss Comparison by the Whole Tire Hysteresis and the Rolling Resistance Methods

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2137507 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 256-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. S. Pillai

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Hysteresis Loss ◽

Basic Premise ◽

Resistance Method

Abstract Energy loss per hour in a tire traveling at 80 km/h was obtained for a number of tires of different sizes and makes from the respective whole tire hysteresis loss of each tire. This loss value was then compared to the corresponding rolling loss obtained from the 1.7 m dynamometer rolling resistance method. The two methods agreed, indicating that the basic premise of the rolling resistance hysteresis ratio relation is valid.

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