scholarly journals Chemical abundances of fast-rotating massive stars

2017 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. A56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Cazorla ◽  
Thierry Morel ◽  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Gregor Rauw ◽  
Thierry Semaan ◽  
...  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Constantin Cazorla ◽  
Thierry Morel ◽  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Gregor Rauw

AbstractFast rotation in massive stars is predicted to induce mixing in their interior, but a population of fast-rotating stars with normal nitrogen abundances at their surface has recently been revealed (Hunter et al.2009; Brott et al.2011, but see Maeder et al.2014). However, as the binary fraction of these stars is unknown, no definitive statements about the ability of single-star evolutionary models including rotation to reproduce these observations can be made. Our work combines for the first time a detailed surface abundance analysis with a radial-velocity monitoring for a sample of bright, fast-rotating Galactic OB stars to put strong constraints on stellar evolutionary and interior models.


2017 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. A123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Cazorla ◽  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Thierry Morel ◽  
Cyril Georgy ◽  
Mélanie Godart ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. A133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Choplin ◽  
Raphael Hirschi ◽  
Georges Meynet ◽  
Sylvia Ekström ◽  
Cristina Chiappini ◽  
...  

Context. Recent studies show that rotation significantly affects the s-process in massive stars. Aims. We provide tables of yields for non-rotating and rotating massive stars between 10 and 150 M⊙ at Z = 10−3 ([Fe/H] = −1.8). Tables for different mass cuts are provided. The complete s-process is followed during the whole evolution with a network of 737 isotopes, from hydrogen to polonium. Methods. A grid of stellar models with initial masses of 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 60, 85, 120, and 150 M⊙ and with an initial rotation rate of both 0% or 40% of the critical velocity was computed. Three extra models were computed in order to investigate the effect of faster rotation (70% of the critical velocity) and of a lower 17O(α, γ) reaction rate. Results. At the considered metallicity, rotation has a strong impact on the production of s-elements for initial masses between 20 and 60 M⊙. In this range, the first s-process peak is boosted by 2−3 dex if rotation is included. Above 60 M⊙, s-element yields of rotating and non-rotating models are similar. Increasing the initial rotation from 40% to 70% of the critical velocity enhances the production of 40 ≲ Z ≲ 60 elements by ∼0.5−1 dex. Adopting a reasonably lower 17O(α, γ) rate in the fast-rotating model (70% of the critical velocity) boosts again the yields of s-elements with 55 ≲ Z ≲ 82 by about 1 dex. In particular, a modest amount of Pb is produced. Together with s-elements, some light elements (particularly fluorine) are strongly overproduced in rotating models.


1981 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 405-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. de Loore

Mass loss can affect the evolution of binaries in various ways, during different stages of the evolution.1. For massive stars stellar wind mass loss will change the masses of the components during their main sequence evolution.2. During the Roche lobe overflow phase (or tidal interaction phase) matter can leave the system.3. For low mass stars matter can leave the system during the mass exchange phase and can be stored in envelopes, disks or rings.4. Sufficiently massive stars(>8-15M0) undergo at the end of their life a supernova explosion, where most of the matter is blown away and a compact object, a neutron star or a black hole can be left.5. For intermediate stars one of the components can evolve into a degenerate He or CO dwarf; a reverse mass transfer can dump matter on this degenerate dwarf. If the conditions are favorable the white dwarf can explode with loss of matter, and a neutron star can be the result.6. The chemical abundances in the outer layers change.


2008 ◽  
Vol 687 (2) ◽  
pp. L95-L98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pignatari ◽  
R. Gallino ◽  
G. Meynet ◽  
R. Hirschi ◽  
F. Herwig ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S268) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Decressin ◽  
G. Meynet ◽  
C. Charbonnel

AbstractGlobular clusters exhibit peculiar chemical patterns where Fe and heavy elements are constant inside a given cluster while light elements (Li to Al) show strong star-to-star variations. This pattern can be explained by self-pollution of the intracluster gas by the slow winds of fast rotating massive stars. Besides, several main sequences have been observed in several globular clusters which can be understood only with different stellar populations with distinct He content. Here we explore how these He abundances can constrain the self-enrichment in globular clusters.


1986 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
T. Gehren ◽  
D. Husfeld ◽  
R.P. Kudritzki ◽  
P.S. Conti ◽  
D.G. Hummer

The massive stars of the Magellanic Clouds are of considerable current interest with regard to questions of initial mass function, star formation mechanisms, stellar evolution with mass loss and the chemical evolution of galaxies. The effective temperatures, surface gravities and helium abundances of 6 main sequence O-type stars, obtained by fitting non-LTE model atmospheres to high quality spectra, are presented here; these are the first results from a long-term program to determine accurately the parameters and chemical abundances of massive stars in the Magellanic Clouds. The program stars were selected to be main sequence objects, according to the classification of Conti et al. (1985, in prep.), with He II λ 4686 Å in absorption, and to have minimal reddening and nebular emission. Spectra were obtained in 1984 December with the Cassegrain echelle spectrograph (CASPEC) and a CCD detector at the ESO 3.6 m telescope. A preliminary analysis of these spectra has been carried out by fitting the equivalent widths of He I λ 4471 Å and the profiles of Hγ and the Pickering lines (for details of the technique, see Kudritzki, 1980). The resulting values of effective temperature and gravity are given in Table I, along with the identification, spectral type and mv, of each star.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Thierry Semaan ◽  
Thierry Morel ◽  
Eric Gosset ◽  
Juan Zorec ◽  
Yves Frémat ◽  
...  

AbstractIn the framework of the Gaia-ESO survey we have determined the fundamental parameters of a large number of B-type stars in the Galactic, young open cluster NGC 3293. The determination of the stellar parameters is based on medium-resolution spectra obtained with FLAMES/GIRAFFE at ESO-VLT. As a second step, we adopted the accurate parameters to determine the chemical abundances of these hot stars. We present a comparison of our results with those obtained by the 'VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars' (Evans et al. 2005). Our study increases the number of objects analysed and provides an extended view of this cluster.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Subhon Ibadov ◽  
Firuz S. Ibodov

AbstractPassages of comet-like bodies through the atmosphere/chromosphere of massive stars at velocities more than 600 km/s will be accompanied, due to aerodynamic effects as crushing and flattening, by impulse generation of hot plasma within a relatively very thin layer near the stellar surface/photosphere as well as “blast” shock wave, i.e., impact-generated photospheric stellar/solar flares. Observational manifestations of such high-temperature phenomena will be eruption of the explosive layer's hot plasma, on materials of the star and “exploding” comet nuclei, into the circumstellar environment and variable anomalies in chemical abundances of metal atoms/ions like Fe, Si etc. Interferometric and spectroscopic observations/monitoring of young massive stars with dense protoplanetary discs are of interest for massive stars physics/evolution, including identification of mechanisms for massive stars variability.


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