scholarly journals Molecular gas in the northern nucleus of Mrk 273: Physical and chemical properties of the disc and its outflow

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aladro ◽  
S. König ◽  
S. Aalto ◽  
E. González-Alfonso ◽  
N. Falstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Dynamical Mass ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Dust Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aiming to characterise the properties of the molecular gas in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 273 and its outflow, we used the NOEMA interferometer to image the dense-gas molecular tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, HOC+ and HC3N at ∼86 GHz and ∼256 GHz with angular resolutions of 4ʺ̣9 × 4ʺ̣5 (∼3.7 × 3.4 kpc) and 0ʺ̣61 × 0ʺ̣55 (∼460 × 420 pc). We also modelled the flux of several H2O lines observed with Herschel using a radiative transfer code that includes excitation by collisions and far-infrared photons. The disc of the Mrk 273 north nucleus has two components with decoupled kinematics. The gas in the outer parts (R ∼ 1.5 kpc) rotates with a south-east to north-west direction, while in the inner disc (R ∼ 300 pc) follows a north-east to south-west rotation. The central 300 pc, which hosts a compact starburst region, is filled with dense and warm gas, and contains a dynamical mass of (4 −5) × 109 M⊙, a luminosity of L′HCN = (3–4) × 108 K km s−1 pc2, and a dust temperature of 55 K. At the very centre, a compact core with R ∼ 50 pc has a luminosity of LIR = 4 × 1011 L⊙ (30% of the total infrared luminosity), and a dust temperature of 95 K. The core is expanding at low velocities ∼50–100 km s−1, probably affected by the outflowing gas. We detect the blue-shifted component of the outflow, while the red-shifted counterpart remains undetected in our data. Its cold and dense phase reaches fast velocities up to ∼1000 km s−1, while the warm outflowing gas has more moderate maximum velocities of ∼600 km s−1. The outflow is compact, being detected as far as 460 pc from the centre in the northern direction, and has a mass of dense gas ≤8 × 108 M⊙. The difference between the position angles of the inner disc (∼70°) and the outflow (∼10°) indicates that the outflow is likely powered by the AGN, and not by the starburst. Regarding the chemistry in Mrk 273, we measure an extremely low HCO+/HOC+ ratio of 10 ± 5 in the inner disc of Mrk 273.

scholarly journals Influence of the Bottom Color Modification and Material Color Modification Process on the Performance of Modified Poplar

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Differentiation ◽  
Color Modification ◽  
And Chemical Properties

According to the old surface coating process of European and American furniture, the surface of modified poplar is first differentiated pre-treatment, and then the bottom color modification and material color modification are respectively applied to the modified poplar after the surface differentiation treatment. The visual physical quantity and physical and chemical properties were measured and compared with mahogany, which is commonly used in old furniture in Europe and America to explore the effect of colorants and coloring steps, as well as different surface pretreatments on the coloring effect. Finally, it is concluded that continuous coloring operations can narrow the difference in brightness and red color value in the coloring layer of modified poplar and mahogany. Continuous coloring operations increase the difference between the yellow-green color values of modified poplar and mahogany. Therefore, the coloring difference between modified poplar and mahogany was affected by the colorant and coloring steps. Through color accumulation, the gap between the two in the target color coloring effect can be reduced, thereby reducing the difference between the coloring effect of modified poplar and mahogany.

Molecular Line Observations in the Magellanic Clouds

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 854-859
Author(s):  
Mónica Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Line ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractWe review the present knowledge of molecular line studies and its relation to interstellar medium properties in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The physical and chemical properties of the molecular gas together with the abundance of different molecular species will be discussed.

Study on the Properties and Application of Optim™ Fine Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2561-2564
Author(s):  
Jiang Wei Yao ◽  
Wei Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Fine Fiber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Optim™ fine is a new generation of ultrafine wool fibres, which are transformed by stretching and setting from merino wool. The Optim™ fine retains some of the physical and chemical properties of merino wool, but the morphology and other properties changes, such as the diameter, length, lusture, breaking extension and shrinkage. These changes results in the performance difference btween the fabric woven from Optim™ fine and fine wool fiber. To clearly understande the reason of the difference, the morphological and physical properties changes of Optim™ fine was examined in this paper, and the performance difference between wool fabric and Optim™ fine fabric was evaluated by Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing(FAST). It was found that the decreasing in breaking extension and increasing in shrinkage of Optim™ fine resulted in the declining in formability and dimensional stability of Optim™ fine fabric. Suggestions on the ways of constructing Optim™ fine into fabric were also given according to the anlysis of relationship between the properties changes of Optim™ fine fiber and that of its fabric.

scholarly journals The effect of genotype and lactation on yield and physicochemical properties of ewe milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Z. Ilic ◽  
A. Jevtic-Vukmirovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Two genotype of sheep have been utilized in the conduct of the experiment composed of 60 ewes from Pirot x Virtemberg as genotype 1 and 60 ewes of Improved Pirot as genotype 2. All the ewes were reared under identical conditions and without any differences in nutrition and management during the whole period under study. The collection of Milk sampling was done in morning and evening during periods (1, 2, 3) of lactation duration. The average lactation duration and average total milk of the two genotypes were very close and has a minimal difference of 0.467 day and 1.562 kg, in favor of genotype 2. The differences between genotypes were not significant (P>0,05). Regarding physical and chemical properties of milk for both genotypes, the difference were very minimal such as follows; viscosity Pa x s - 0.006, electrical conductivity ? - 0.018, density kg/m3 -0,001, freezing, t 0C - 0.013, LD number - 0.028 total solids, % - 0.014, fat,% - 0,026, protein,% - 0.085, lactose,% - 0.038, ash,% - 0,021, acidity, 0SH - 0.209. The results indicated that the properties of milk for both genotypes were very near to each other. It can be interpreted that the breeds utilized in the experiment were comparable due to similar characteristics perhaps. The effect of genotype was very significant only for the % protein of the milk. The lactation periods were highly significant in all physical and chemical properties of milk.

scholarly journals FEM Simulation and Verification of Brazing SiC Ceramic with Novel Zr-Cu Filler Metal

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bofang Zhou ◽  
Zhichen Zeng ◽  
Yuchen Cai ◽  
Keqin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sic Ceramic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Axial Compressive Stress ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Zr-Cu filler metal is proposed for SiC ceramic under special working conditions, as a novel type of the active filler metal, the difference of physical and chemical properties between SiC ceramic and Zr-Cu filler metal leads to greater residual stress in the joint, which affects the mechanical properties of brazing SiC ceramic joint. Based on the finite element method (FEM) simulation, the residual stress of the joint is simulated to guide the design of Zr-based filler metal and formulation of brazing process. The residual stress distribution of SiC ceramic joints brazed at 1200 °C with different thickness of the filler metal and cooling rate is simulated by ANSYS software. The simulation results of the residual stress are verified by brazing experiments and XRD measurements. The results show that the simulated residual stress of the joint is mainly axial compressive stress. The axial compressive stresses are the lowest when the filler metal thickness is 0.1 mm and the cooling rate is 2 °C /min, and increase with the increase of the filler metal layer thickness and cooling rate. The shear strength of the brazed SiC ceramic joint that achieves the highest with 2 °C /min is about 72 MPa, and then decreases with the increase of cooling rate. The experimental test of residual stress in different locations of the brazed SiC ceramic joint basically coincide with the FEM simulation.

scholarly journals The interplay of dense gas and stars in M33

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 415-415
Author(s):  
Carsten Kramer ◽  
Christof Buchbender ◽  
Guillermo Quintana-Lacaci ◽  
Jonathan Braine ◽  
Pierre Gratier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Open Time

AbstractWe are studying the interplay of star formation and its ’fuel’, the molecular gas (diffuse and dense) at selected positions along the major axis of M33. We have observed the ground-state transitions of HCN, HCO+, and 13CO using the IRAM 30m telescope. These data will complement existing CO, HI, Spitzer, and radio continuum maps. Furthermore, these data will be complemented by far-infrared maps of [CII], H2O, [OI], [NII], and the dust continuum taken with Herschel in the open time key project HERM33ES.

scholarly journals The Bilateral Structure of Wool Cortex and Its Relation to Crimp

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDB Fraser ◽  
GE Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Basic Dyes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Xew evidence of the nature of the bilateral cortex in crimped wool is presented and discussed in relation to the physical and chemical properties of the wool fibre. The origin of the asymmetry in the cortex was studied by cutting cross sections of sheep skin and swelling plucked wool roots. It is shown that the bilateral structure is present before the cortex is keratinized and does not originate from an asymmetrical keratinization as has been suggested. Coarse wools, in which crimp is much less, are shown to possess a radial asymmetry in which the peripheral cortical cells are less accessible to basic dyes and have a higher sulphur content than the central cells. This is related to the difference between the curved follicles from which fine fibres are produced and the straighter follicles producing coarse fibres.

Influence of Tourmaline Mineral Material on Structure and Physical and Chemical Properties of Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Meng ◽  
Xiao Li Huo ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yan Fen Pan
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Rays ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Far Infrared Spectra ◽  
Indirect Action ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The influence of polar crystalline tourmaline on the structure and physical and chemical property of water in direct action and indirect action was researched by the solid/liquid independent device to isolate tourmaline and water. The results showed that far-infrared rays from tourmaline could react with water molecules, and the hydrogen bonds were weakened through resonance; The far-infrared spectra of water treated by tourmaline in the solid/liquid independent device was compared with that by direct contaction. The far-infrared of tourmaline played a more important role in changing hodrogen bonds than electric field and negative ions of water. Surface tension of water in the solid/liquid independent device was decreased after the treatment of tourmaline, and the decreased degree went up with the rise of temperature; the dissolved oxygen of water was increased by 7.8%, the conductivity 9.8% and the evaporation rate 10.4%.

The Impact of Different Grazing Intensity on Topsoil Physical and Chemical Properties in Xilamuren Grassland

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2090-2096
Author(s):  
Yi Fang ◽  
Xiao Jia Li ◽  
Cong Cong Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Rui Ping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Grassland is an important ecosystem in land surface. Soil is the basis of grassland ecosystem, and the changes of its properties directly affect grassland ecosystem. The study region is located in Xilamuren grassland using the methods of field sampling and experimental analysis. It was divided into four test areas according to grazing intensity. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed in each test area. The results showed that: the trend of soil water content decreased and then increased with increasing grazing intensity, soil water content in repaired grassland was the lowest. For the soil mechanical composition, particle size content increased first and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity when the particle size was 1-0.05mm. The difference between the highest and lowest values was obvious. When the particle size was 0.05-0.002mm, the trend of particle size fluctuated, first decreased and then increased, finally reduce again and the difference between the highest and lowest values was obvious. When the particle size was less than 0.002mm, the trend of particle size content increased with increasing grazing intensity. In soil chemical properties, soil organic matter appears downward trend overall as grazing intensity increase. Soil organic matter content was the lowest in repaired grass. Available N and P first decreased and then increased with increasing grazing intensity, the minimum values appeared in the repaired grassland and degraded grassland respectively. Available K content increased with increasing grazing intensity.

AN OVERVIEW OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINE OPERATING ON LOWER-HIGHER MOLECULAR MASS ALCOHOL BLENDED GASOLINE FUELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazim Sharudin ◽  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
A. M. I. Mamat ◽  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Rizalman Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper reviews the utilization of lower and higher molecular weight alcohols as fuel for spark ignition engine. As an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine, alcohol is widely accepted as comparable to gasolin. It is due to its ability that can be produced from biological matter through the current available and new processes. Moreover, alcohol is also considered as fuel additive due to its physical and chemical properties compatible with the requirements of modern engines. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of these fuels by highlighting on the fuel properties and spark ignition engine responses. The first part of this review explains the important of alcohol fuel properties related to the engine performance and emissions, and the difference of these properties for each type of alcohol. The second part discusses recent advancements in research involving lower and higher molecular weight alcohols mainly responses from spark ignition engine.

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