scholarly journals Effect of feeding level and diet composition on microbial protein synthesis and in vivo feed protein degradability in the rumen of sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
D. Djouvinov ◽  
N. Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Protein Degradability

In vitro techniques to replace in vivo methods for estimating amino acid supply

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hvelplund ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Degradability

Abstract Expressing the protein value of a food involves measurements of several of its characteristics. Many in vivo studies have shown, that the protein degradability in the rumen varies substantially both between and within foods and therefore estimation of protein degradability in the rumen is an important task in protein evaluation. The most common method used has been the in situ (in sacco, nylon bag) method but many in vitro methods have been introduced and are based on use of either buffer solubility, chemical methods, rumen fluid or enzymes. None of these in vitro methods has proven to be of general use. In further development of in vitro methods as well as the in situ method a major problem is lack of a set of samples with a ‘true’ in vivo degradability which can be used for calibration of alternative methods. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen has to be related to food characteristics which can be analysed easily. In vitro methods which can predict organic matter digestibility in foods are available and can be used to predict microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded dietary protein varies substantially both between and within foods and easy methods to estimate intestinal digestibility are therefore essential. The mobile bag method is easy to use and seems to give reliable results on most foods but requires access to duodenal cannulated animals which prevents this method from being routine. Alternative in vitro methods have been developed but further research is required for validation of these methods on a wide range of foods before they can be accepted for general use.

Effect of microbial isolates on microbial yield estimation in RUSITEC system

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Culture System ◽  
The One

The estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis is one of the main points in the nitrogen (N)-rationing systems for ruminants, as microbial protein provides proportionately 0.4 to 0.9 of amino acids entering the small intestine in ruminants receiving conventional diets (Russell et al., 1992). Methods of estimating microbial protein synthesis rely on marker techniques in which a particular microbial constituent is related to the microbial N content. Marker : N values have generally been established in mixed bacteria isolated from the liquid fraction of rumen digesta and it has been assumed that the same relationship holds in the total population leaving the rumen (Merry and McAllan, 1983). However, several studies have demonstrated differences in composition between solid-associated (SAB) and fluid-associated bacteria in vivo (Legay-Carmier and Bauchart, 1989) and in vitro (Molina Alcaide et al, 1996), as well in marker : N values (Pérez et al., 1996). This problem could be more pronounced in the in vitro semi-continuous culture system RUSITEC, in which there are three well defined components (a free liquid phase, a liquid phase associated with the solid phase and a solid phase), each one having associated microbial populations.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using different bacterial isolates (BI) on the estimation of microbial production of four different diets in RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977), using (15NH4)2 SO4 as microbial marker, and to assess what effects any differences would have on the comparison of microbial protein synthesis between diets.This study was conducted in conjunction with an in vitro experiment described by Carro and Miller (1997). Two 14-day incubation trials were carried out with the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977). The general incubation procedure was the one described by Czerkawski and Breckenridge (1977) and more details about the procedures of this experiment are given elsewhere (Carro and Miller, 1997).

The effect of method of forage preservation on the protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Verbič ◽  
E.R. Ørskov ◽  
J. Žgajnar ◽  
X.B. Chen ◽  
Vida Žnidaršič-Pongrac
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradability

scholarly journals The estimation of digestible protein in the small intestine of ruminants. The French system.

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ - ΠΑΝΕΡΗ)
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

The ruminants, as all animals, need to obtain a certain amount of dietary protein to satisfy their requirements in nitrogen. Until 1978, the system of digestible protein was employed in France to estimate both the nitrogen requirements of ruminants for their maintenance and/or production and the protein value of feedstuffs. This system, however, presents considerable disadvantages since it cannot distinguish the protein nitrogen from the non protein nitrogen. Moreover, this system does not take into account the microbial protein synthesis and the protein degradability in the rumen. It was for these reasons that French researchers start using from 1978 the system of digestible protein in the small intestine, i.e. the system P.D.I. for the estimation of the protein requirements of ruminants and the protein value of feedstuffs.

Measurement in vivo of rumen microbial protein synthesis

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Walker ◽  
CJ Nader
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate

A method is described for the measurement in vivo of ruminal microbial protein synthesis. The method depends upon the incorporation into microbial protein of sulphur derived from 35S -labelled inorganic sulphate infused continuously into the rumen. Steady-state labelling of rumen digesta protein and specific activity of microbial sulphur are used, along with estimates of total digesta mass, to calculate total microbial sulphur in the rumen. The rate of disappearance of isotope from the rumen after cessation of [35S]sulphate infusion is used to calculate the flow rate of microbial s~dphur from that organ. Microbial sulphur may be used to estimate microbial nitrogen or crude protein by means of conversion factors.

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