scholarly journals Diversity and abundance of giant clams in Anambas Islands, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Syawaludin Alisyahbana Harahap ◽  
Yogi Yanuar ◽  
Yuwanda Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Giant Clam ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Tridacna Gigas ◽  
Tridacna Crocea

Giant clam is one of the most common types of bivalves found in coral ecosystem. Geographically, these clams have limited distribution in the Indo-Pacific tropics, from the Red Sea to the Pacific Islands of Tuamotu. Ecologically, the clam acts as bio-filtration and natural bio-deposition. The presence of clams becomes a marker that the waters are still good and the absence of harmful pollutants. The population of this clam in Indonesian waters continues to decline. Anambas archipelago are known for its rich diversity of marine life. Since the establishment of this area became NACA as an ATP in 2014, marine tourism activities grew rapidly. Therefore it is necessary to do this research which aims to know the diversity of species and abundance of clams in the waters of Anambas Islands. Field survey was conducted in August 2015 by using Belt Transect method. The research results found 6 species with D1 value is 0.593. The overall abundance is 0.144 indv.m-2. Tridacna crocea has the highest abundance and relative abundance of the highest species of the other species of 60.54%. Meanwhile, the smallest relative abundance is Tridacna gigas which is only 2.36%.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN DAN KONDISI HABITAT KERANG KIMA (CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE) DI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI PERAIRAN SULAWESI UTARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ucu Yanu Arbi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Giant Clam ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Giant Clams ◽  
Tridacna Squamosa ◽  
Tridacna Maxima ◽  
Tridacna Gigas ◽  
Tridacna Crocea

Kima merupakan salah satu jenis kerang laut yang telah dieksploitasi oleh nelayan Sulawesi Utara dalam skala besar karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan dan kondisi habitat kerang kima di perairan Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2007-2009. Daerah penelitian ini meliputi perairan Bitung, Pulau Lembeh, Taman Nasional Bunaken, Likupang, Pulau Talise, Kepulauan Sangihe, dan Kepulauan Talaud. Pengambilan data dilakukandengan metode rapid reef resources inventory dan metode kuadrat transek garis. Ditemukan 1.064 individu kima yang terdiri atas tujuh jenis, yaitu Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna gigas, Hippopus hippopus, dan Hippopus porcelanus. Kepadatan kimasecara keseluruhan di lokasi penelitian rata-rata 0,53 ind./m2. Kepadatan tertinggi adalah jenis Tridacna crocea (rata-rata 0,32 ind./m2), sedangkan terendah adalah jenis Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa, dan Hippopus porcelanus (0,01 ind./m2). Giant clam is one of the sea shells that have been exploited by the fisherman of North Sulawesi, a large scale because it has a high economic value. This study aims to determine the distribution and density of giant clams in North Sulawesi waters in 2007-2009. Research conducted in the waters of Bitung, Pulau Lembeh, Bunaken National Park, Likupang, Talise Island, Sangihe Islands, and Talaud Islands. Data retrieval is done by the rapid reef resources inventory method and the quadrat line transect method. 1.064 individual of giant clams was found consisting of seven species, there are Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna gigas, Hippopus hippopus and Hippopus porcelanus. Density of giant clams density is 0,53 ind./m2. The highest density of individuals is Tridacna crocea (0,32 ind./m2), while the lowest is Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa and Hippopus porcelanus (0.01 ind./m2).

Growing Coconut Palms in the Pacific Islands: Colliding Knowledge and Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

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