scholarly journals Vaults, roof truss and walls interaction issue in monumental masonry structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00113
Author(s):  
Marcin Szkobodziński ◽  
Czesław Miedziałowski
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Roof Truss ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Concrete Ring

The paper discusses the subject of interaction between a roof truss, vaults and load-bearing walls in a masonry monumental structure. The static structural analysis of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Basilica in Bialystok, as an example of Polish neogothic architecture from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries has been carried out. The building consists of a three-aisled masonry walls system, which in cooperation with cross-ribbed vaults and a timber roof truss determine the spatial rigidity of the structure. Lack of concrete ring-beams and horizontal oriented ceiling slabs cause global stiffness reduction to the horizontal loads. In the past, it could have been one of the main reason for the appearance of cracks in the structure. The basic aspect having a real influence on building global behaviour is interaction of load-bearing structural parts. This structure was subjected to the static analysis with an investigation about the influence of interaction between the roof truss, vaults and walls. The values of horizontal displacements of walls were compared as a result of wind pressure acting on the structure. Numerical calculations were carried out using finite element method.

scholarly journals Mathematical-geographical intention in orienting mediaeval churches of the Serbian monastery Gradac

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Milutin Tadic ◽  
Aleksandar Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Exact Analysis ◽  
John The Baptist ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

The subject of the paper is an exact analysis of the orientation of the Serbian monastery churches: the Church of the Virgin Mary (13th century), St. Nicholas' Church (13th century), and an early Christian church (6th century). The paper determines the azimuth of parallel axes in churches, and then the aberrations of those axes from the equinoctial east are interpreted. Under assumption that the axes were directed towards the rising sun, it was surmised that the early Christian church's patron saint could be St. John the Baptist, that the Church of the Virgin Mary was founded on Annunciation day to which it is dedicated, and that St. Nicholas' Church is oriented in accordance with the rule (?toward the sunrise?) even though its axis deviates from the equinoctial east by 41? degrees.

STRENGTHENING SUPPORTING COLUMNS WITH CARBON CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
K. HOLSCHEMACHER ◽  
◽  
A.G. BULGAKOV ◽  
W. POLIENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

Textile concrete is an innovative composite material that has been the subject of intensive research since the beginning of the 90s of the last century. After the approval of the rules and regulations on its application to strengthen floor slabs, an important step was taken towards its entry into the building materials market. Questions regarding the reinforcement of rod-shaped load-bearing elements of building structures need additional research. Despite the great potential available, the method of tying load-bearing supports and columns is still not well understood. There is a need for research on a wide range of geometric parameters and the reinforcement systems used. The Institute of Reinforced Concrete of the Higher Technical School in Leipzig tested various samples of carbon-reinforced samples in a wide range of geometrical parameters. Their goal was to assess the effect on a possible increase in the bearing capacity of carbon-reinforced columns at a concentrated point load.

Discussion of “Strength of Load-Bearing Masonry Walls”

1972 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Donald F. Meinheit ◽  
John Springfield
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Load Bearing

Analytical modeling of masonry load-bearing walls

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
J L Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Magnification Effect

An analytical technique was developed and encoded for computer application to study the behaviour of concrete masonry load-bearing walls under various loading conditions. Both geometrical and material nonlinearities to account for the moment magnification effect and the degradation of material stiffness are included in the development. Effects of vertical reinforcing steel, masonry tensile cracking, and compressive crushing are included directly in the moment–curvature relationship, which is used in the determination of element stiffnesses at successive load increments. A parametric study was conducted following verification of the analytical model by comparing results with experimental test data. Effective flexural rigidity (EIeff) values at failure were obtained analytically and compared with values suggested in the Canadian masonry code CSA-S304.1-M94. It was concluded that CSA-S304.1-M94 tends to underestimate EIeff values for reinforced walls and thus leads to a conservative design over a range of parameters. Based on approximately 500 computer model tests, a lower bound bilinear limit for the effective rigidity of reinforced masonry walls was established. This limit is believed to provide an accurate and realistic estimate of EIeff.Key words: walls, load bearing, masonry, analytical, nonlinear, rigidity, stress–strain, moment–curvature.

scholarly journals Modern translucent materials and their impact on architectural forming

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Timina ◽  
Regina Yanova ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Tatyana Sorokoumova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Supporting Structures

This work is devoted to the use of load-bearing elements made of translucent materials. To confirm the relevance of the study, regulatory materials and similar practices of using various materials as vertical and horizontal bearing elements were studied. Experimental experience was conducted to identify high indicators of the required characteristics of elements, which are considered as independent supporting structures. The object of the research is modern translucent materials. These materials have proven themselves as walling and auxiliary elements, their use as a supporting structure is not so important. However, in the course of the study it was revealed that translucent materials can be used as bearing elements without loss of strength and stability of the structure, which allows to visually facilitate the architectural appearance of the building. The subject of research is the influence of translucent supporting structures on the architectural shaping and the formation of the urban environment, by means of using the most visually lightweight structures. As a result of the study, it was concluded that it is possible and attractive to use translucent structures as load-bearing elements; however, there are drawbacks in a number of technological limitations, which directly affects the advantage of choosing not to benefit from translucent materials.

Composite action in masonry walls under vertical in-plane loading: experimental results compared with predictions

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 449-462
Author(s):  
A.T. Vermeltfoort ◽  
D.R.W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Load Bearing

The results of five experimental test series on masonry walls supported by reinforced concrete beams or slabs are reported and compared to theoretical predictions of the load bearing capacity. The experiments were performed on deep masonry beams built with respectively calcium silicate and clay brick. Investigated parameters were: position of the supports, concrete beam-masonry interface, concrete beam stiffness, type of loading, and height of masonry wall and concrete beam. Based on literature, the method proposed by Davies and Ahmed as well as the method according to Eurocode 6 were used to estimate the load bearing capacity of the tested masonry walls supported by concrete beams. The method of Davies and Ahmed allows for the determination of the stresses and stress resultants in the masonry. The analysis shows that near the support an inclined compressive force acts at the bed joint, which means that a shear-compression stress state exists in the bed joint. Strength evaluation has been carried out using the Mann-Müller criterion that is adopted in Eurocode 6. Based on the test results, it may be concluded that both methods yield conservative values of the load bearing capacity, as could be expected. Before cracking a linear elastic behavior was observed, while after cracking a strut-and-tie model may be applied. To develop more accurate design models, it is recommended to investigate the post-cracking behavior in more detail.

scholarly journals Iconography of The Birth of the Virgin Mary on the Basis of a Homily of St. John Damascene

Eikon / Imago ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-68
Author(s):  
José María Salvador González
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
The Real ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject

As a consequence of the fact that the New Testament mentions few episodes and very few details of the real life of the Virgin Mary, among the Eastern Christian communities several apocryphal legends, that tried to supply this hermetic silence around the birth, infancy, youth, adulthood and death of the Mother of Jesus, arose during the first centuries of Christianity. These apocryphal accounts were then taken up and interpreted catechetically as a useful devotional matter by many Church Fathers, theologians and ecclesiastical writers. The reflections of these prestigious thinkers formed a solid corpus of doctrine, from which very important Marian devotions and liturgical feasts would soon follow. A primordial milestone in this “imaginary” life of Mary is her supernatural birth, after her miraculous conception in the bosom of her old and sterile mother Anne. As a natural fruit of these heterogenous literary and theological sources, from the tenth-eleventh centuries the medieval Byzantine and European artists approached with remarkable enthusiasm the iconographic theme of the Birth of the Virgin Mary as a significant episode of her life. On this basis, in this article we propose a triple complementary objective. First of all, after outlining the essential content of the apocryphal sources, we will broadly analyze the various theological theses that we believe are deductible from the emotional reflections that St. John Damascene expresses in a homily on the subject. Secondly, we will analyze some Byzantine and European paintings on the Birth of Mary, in order to determine to what extent the apocryphal accounts and the doctrinal statements of the Damascene are reflected in the characters, situations, attitudes, accessories and scenographic elements represented in these depictions. Finally, we will state some conclusions that we believe to be plausible in relating the Damascenian texts and the pictorial works of reference.

Forming new steel-framed openings in load-bearing masonry walls: design methods and nonlinear finite element simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2647-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Billi ◽  
Francesco Laudicina ◽  
Luca Salvatori ◽  
Maurizio Orlando ◽  
Paolo Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Finite Element Simulations ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Load Bearing

Experimental Testing of Slender Load-Bearing Masonry Walls with Realistic Support Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Edward James Pettit ◽  
Erum Mohsin ◽  
Carlos Cruz-Noguez ◽  
Alaa E Elwi
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Moment Distribution ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
The Moment

Slender, load-bearing masonry walls with slenderness ratios (h/t) greater than 30 are required to be designed as pinned-pinned elements as per North American provisions for masonry, CSA S304-14 (2019) and TMS 402-16 (2016). This provision neglects the contribution of the reactive stiffness of the foundation to the strength of the wall and its effect on the redistribution of bending moments along its height. Eight full-scale masonry walls built with different degrees of base stiffness and tested under an eccentric axial load. Results from the tests showed an increased load-bearing capacity and decreased deflections with increased rotational base stiffness. Experimental data was used to determine key design parameters including the effective flexural rigidity and the moment distribution along the height of the walls. Comparing values of effective flexural rigidity determined from experimental results to code provisions, it was found both codes tend to underestimate the effective flexural rigidity of the walls.

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