Grey Relational Grade Based Quantitative Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Load Characteristics of A Power Grid

Regarding analysis of load characteristics of a power grid, there are multiple factors that influence the variation of load characteristics. Among these factors, the influence of different ones on the change of load characteristic is somewhat different, thus the degree of influence of various factors needs to be quantified to distinguish the main and minor factors of load characteristics. Based on this, the grey relational analysis in the grey system theory is employed as the basis of mathematical model in this paper. Firstly, the main factors affecting the load characteristics of a power grid are analysed. Then, the principle of quantitative analysis of the influencing factors by using grey relational grade is introduced. Lastly, the load of Guangzhou power grid is selected as the research object, thereby the main factor of temperature affecting the load characteristics is quantitatively analysed, such that the correlation between temperature and load is established. In this paper, by investigating the influencing factors and the degree of influence of load characteristics, the law of load characteristics changes can be effectively revealed, which is of great significance for power system planning and dispatching operation.

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Study on the second grey relational grade and its properties

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/03684921011063628 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1330-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan Ma

Keyword(s):

System Theory ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Forecasting Model ◽

Grey System ◽

Content Type ◽

Grey Forecasting ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Relational ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a second relational grade based on the general grey relational grade and analyze several of its properties.Design/methodology/approachGrey system theory. The paper proposes and studies second grey relational grade, establishes second grey relational formula, and studies several characteristics of second grey relational formula.FindingsProposing a second relational grade proved it could solve the problem of the parallelism partly and weaken relativity of space position.Research limitations/implicationsUntil now, the problem of the consistency could not be solved, nor could the problem of the effect which keeps the sequence the same.Practical implicationsThe precision of the grey forecasting model could be strengthened if used in the forecasting model.Originality/valueThe general relational grade only thinks over the relation between two sequences but does not involve the relation in one sequence. The second relational grade considers these two, so if the forecasting model is established with it, the model should be more exact.

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Analysis and Models for the Friction Coefficient of a Sliding Bearing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.826 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 395-396 ◽

pp. 826-830

Author(s):

Bao Ming Wang ◽

Jin Xin Xu ◽

Fei Zhu ◽

Zai Xin Wu

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Moving Average ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Grey System ◽

Sliding Bearings ◽

Sliding Bearing ◽

Non Linear ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Relational

In this paper, the analyzing and modeling of the friction coefficient in sliding bearing is reported. Based on the grey system theory, the effects of rotational speed and load on the friction coefficient of the sliding bearings are investigated. The grey relational grade is an important parameter to measure the effects of rotational speed and load on friction coefficient of the sliding bearings. The grey relational grade analysis shows that load has an even more significant effect upon the friction coefficient compared with rotational speed. On the basis of analyzing and processing the experimental data, a nonlinear model for friction coefficient of a sliding bearing have been set up by NARMAX Non-Linear Auto-Regressive Moving Average with Exogenous Input. It was found that the NARMAX Non-Linear model has good accuracy and is applicable for the calculation of friction coefficient in sliding bearing.

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Research on the Factors of Extremely Short Construction Period under the Sufficient Resources based on Grey- DEMATEL-ISM

10.21203/rs.3.rs-914752/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun-long Peng ◽

Chao Peng ◽

Meng-yao Wang ◽

Ke Hu ◽

Du-bin Wu

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Process Model ◽

Technology Policy ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Construction Technology ◽

Grey System ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Construction Period

Abstract Under the condition of sufficient resources, there are many factors affecting the realization of extremely short construction period of engineering construction projects. Based on literature review and questionnaire survey, this paper firstly selected 17 influencing factors from the five dimensions of design, management, technology, policy and environment. And the factor analytic hierarchy process model was established based on Grey-DEMATEL-ISM. The model introduced the improved grey system theory and combined decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) with interpretative structural modeling method (ISM). In addition, the model can not only identify the critical factors in the system, but also present the internal logical relationship between the influencing factors through the multi-level hierarchical structure diagram. Finally, through the analysis of the influencing factors of extremely short construction period under the sufficient resources, it defined that the key factor is construction technology and the secondary factor is construction safety organization. The research results provide a theoretical basis for managers to realize the extremely short construction period under the sufficient resources.

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The proof of a new modified grey relational grade

Grey Systems Theory and Application ◽

10.1108/gs-02-2016-0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 180-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kunli Wen

Keyword(s):

System Theory ◽

Grey Relational Analysis ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Grey System ◽

Content Type ◽

The Past ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Relational

Purpose – Until now, many different varieties of grey relational grade methods had been proposed, and there are also many relevant publications. However, in one article published in 2007, which applied the previous grey relational grade to environmental protection fields and some results had been found. After studied it carefully, the author found that the grey relational grade in the paper was not the previous grey relational grade. According to the mathematics logic, it must first prove the proposed grey relational grade satisfies the four axioms in grey relational analysis, and then the author can say that the achieved results are reasonable and correct. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper lists the rational and regular grey relational grade that had been published in the past, and used the four axioms in grey system theory to prove the Pai’s grey relational grade that satisfy the four axioms steps by steps. Findings – Through the detail proof of the proposed grey relational grade in Pai’s paper, it indeed satisfies the four axioms in grey relational grade. Research limitations/implications – The paper had enhanced the correctness and reasonableness of that paper, and let the grey relational grade, which appear in Pai’s paper is legitimate and correct grey relational grade in grey system theory. Originality/value – The paper had identified that Pai’s grey relational grade is a rational and regular grey relational grade in grey system theory, and it proves that the results in Pai’s paper are correct and reasonable.

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Assessment of Agricultural Performance of Districts of Punjab Based On Composite Agricultural Indicators Using Grey Relational Analysis

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol VI (I) ◽

pp. 158-172

Author(s):

Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽

Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ◽

Abdul Basit Basit

Keyword(s):

System Theory ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Grey System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Agricultural Performance ◽

Development Policies ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Relational

The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies

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An uncertain pure linguistic approach on evaluation of enterprise integrity based on grey information

Grey Systems Theory and Application ◽

10.1108/gs-09-2015-0050 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhen Zhen Ma ◽

Jianjun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Ideal Point ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Fuzzy Evaluation ◽

Grey System ◽

Content Type ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Number ◽

Linguistic Approach ◽

Grey Relational

Purpose Currently, for the evaluation of enterprise credit, many specific values of indexes are difficult to obtain, so decision makers tend to give a form of uncertain linguistic variable. To solve this kind of problem, the purpose of this paper is to introduce an uncertain pure linguistic approach on evaluation of enterprise integrity based on grey information. Design/methodology/approach Initial uncertain linguistic variables given by experts are transferred into interval grey numbers, and their greyness of degree is computed. Then, the greyness of degree is applied to adjust the weights of experts. Moreover, the core of each interval grey number is calculated, and through giving the positive ideal point and negative ideal point, which are binary numbers, the comprehensive grey relational grade between the linguistic number and the two points is calculated, respectively, as well to get the ranking result of projects by considering both core and greyness of degree. Findings The model is applied to a case, and the result verifies the validity and practicability of the model which reveals high effectiveness. Practical implications This model provides a new feasible method in a growing number of fuzzy evaluation schemes in the fields of enterprise integrity and contributes to getting better and more accurate results. Originality/value In this paper, the greyness of degree is introduced to the model to adjust the experts’ weights, and it reflects the thought of “making full use of the information” in grey system theory and further enriches the system of grey decision-making theory as well as expanding its application scope.

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The quantized transformation in Deng’s grey relational grade

Grey Systems Theory and Application ◽

10.1108/gs-06-2016-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 375-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kunli Wen

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Entropy Method ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Mathematics Model ◽

Careful Study ◽

Grey System ◽

Content Type ◽

Grey Relational Grade ◽

Grey Relational ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose Until now, many different varieties of grey relational grade methods had been proposed, and there are also many relevant publications, which include ordinal grey relational grade and cardinal grey relational grade. However, the most original and important formula is Deng’s grey relational grade. After careful study it was found that although it is an ordinal form of grey relational grade, a rational mathematics model can be used to transfer it from ordinal into cardinal. It not only can enhance the essential of Deng’s grey relational grade, but also can let Deng’s grey relational grade be used more widely. The paper aims to discuss these issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses fuzzy set theory to get the rational value of distinguish coefficient in Deng’s grey relational grade, then uses grey entropy method to decide the rational weighting for the analysis sequences in Deng’s grey relational grade. Findings Through the mathematics derivation, it indeed can transfer the Deng’s grey relational grade from ordinal form into cardinal form. Practical implications The paper has deeply enhanced the essential of Deng’s grey relational grade, and made Deng’s grey relational grade more available and more usable in grey system theory. Originality/value The paper has transferred the Deng’s grey relational grade from ordinal into cardinal, it can let Deng’s grey relational grade be used in a wider area.

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Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as an Effective Method of Research into Social Preferences in Urban Space Planning

Land ◽

10.3390/land11010102 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Małgorzata Gerus-Gościewska ◽

Dariusz Gościewski

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Planning Process ◽

Grey System Theory ◽

Grey System ◽

Space Planning ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Analysis Process ◽

Survey Results ◽

Grey Relational

The appearance of urban space is most often determined by planners, urbanists, and officials who fail to consider social preferences in the planning process. According to recent scientific research, spatial design should take into account people’s preferences with regard to its shape, as it is they who are the target audience. Moreover, legal regulations in many countries require the public’s inclusion into the space planning process. This paper outlines the legal status of the issue of social participation in spatial planning and provides an overview of the methods and techniques applied in the research into preferences. The aim of the article is to determine the strength of the relationship between the features adopted for the study using the grey system theory and to investigate the model’s behaviour for varied input data. It also presents the results of a study into the effect of geospatial features on the perception of the sense of security within urban space. The features were extracted using a heuristic method for solving research problems (i.e., brainstorming) and the survey was conducted by the point-scoring method. The survey results were processed by the grey system method according to the grey system theory (GST) of the grey relational analysis (GRA) type to yield a sequence of the strength of dependence between the analysed features. The study was conducted five times, with the order of entering the survey results being changed. The conducted analyses indicated that a change in the order of data from particular surveys applied for calculations resulted in the order of the epsilon coefficients in the significance sequences being changed. The analysis process was modified in order to obtain a stable significance sequence irrespective of the order of entering survey results in the analysis process. The analysis results in the form of a geospatial feature significance sequence provide information as to which of them have the greatest impact on the phenomenon under consideration. The research method can be applied to solve practical problems related to social participation.

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