scholarly journals Distribution Pattern of Cave Entrance Based on Morphometry in Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Ridwan Arif Pambudi ◽  
Astrid Damayanti ◽  
Kuswantoro Marko
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Karst Landscape ◽  
Cave Entrance ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Lineament Analysis ◽  
Oval Shape

Wonosari-Punung Formation of Middle Miocene-Pliocene and Semilir Formation of Early-Middle Miocene consists of Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape in Ponjong and Semanu District; Gunungkidul Regency. Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape has advanced karstification so that the morphology of exokarst and endokarst could be formed. Cave entrance as a marker of the endokarst morphology existence is formed by varying morphometry. This research aims to determine cave entrance distribution pattern based on a cave entrance morphometry. These research variables are cave entrance morphometry; geological formation; and geological structure (geological lineament). The analytical method uses nearest neighbour analysis (NNA) and lineament analysis. The result of this research shows that vertical cave entrance with oval; narrow; and irregularity shape have dispersed distribution pattern in Wonosari-Punung Formation. Horizontal cave entrance with irregular; rectangular; narrow; and an oval shape; have clustered pattern of distribution in the Wonosari-Punung and Semilir Formations. This research is used as a preliminary study for the development of underground water resources that are commonly found in caves of Gunung Sewu Karst Landscape.

scholarly journals Peranan Kontrol Struktural dan Hidrologis dalam Perkembangan Lorong Gua Bagus-Jebrot di Malang-Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ainul Labib ◽  
Agung Suprianto ◽  
Devi Prasetyo ◽  
Aan Seftian Hardianto ◽  
Alfi Sahrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
And Control

Bagus-Jebrot Cave is located in Donomulyo District, Malang Regency which is in the Wonosari Formation which was formed in the Middle Miocene and Late Miocene. The purpose of this study is related to the developmental control that affects the cave passageways. The approach used is a geomorphological approach by conducting field measurements and documentation. The analysis used is frequency analysis and cross-section of the passage. Bagus-Jebrot Cave is a type of Epigenic Cave which is formed from surface water flowing into doline/sinkhole. It can be seen from the planview map that has a curvilinear passage pattern. The existence of groundwater flow also forms a physiographic cave passage with ellipse passage formation, asymmetrical ellipse, potholes, callops, solution notches, cups, solution pockets. Besides underground water flow, the development of the Bagus-Jebrot Cave aisle is related to the process of structural lifting and control. The lifting process is marked by the formation of 4 levels of the cave passage. While the formation of the canyon, joint passage, rectangular passage and keyhole is the result of structural control

The Preliminary Study of the Addition Zinc in Tin-Copper Lead Free Solder

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Wei Yee Wong ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Shamsudin ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri ◽  
Mohamad Najmi Masri
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Oval Shape

Sn-0.7Cu lead free solder has become an alternative material to replace Sn-Pb solder. However, it has the weakness of high melting point and poor corrosion behavior. Through the study, Sn-0.7-xZn microstructure and phase changes were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM result shows microstructure Cu6Sn5 is precipitated with rod like shape while CuZn is shown in bump oval shape whereas compounds that presented are Cu6Sn5 and Cu5Zn8 as shown in the XRD analysis result.

Fundamentals of engineering Geology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Platov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
State Educational

The theoretical and practical foundations of engineering geology, the geological structure and origin of the Earth are described, the minerals of rocks and the rocks themselves of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic origin are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the geomorphological, geodynamic, and hydrogeological conditions of the construction site with the allocation of three types of underground water: upper water, ground water, and inter-reservoir. The dynamics of the development of various forms of relief caused by endogenous and exogenous processes is given. The zonal elements of engineering and geological conditions of any construction site are given. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions studying engineering geology.

Reinterpretation of the Miocene Sea-Snake Egg Moniopterus Japonicus as a Boring of Rock-Boring Bivalve Lithophaga (Mytilidae: Mollusca)

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Haga ◽  
Yukito Kurihara ◽  
Tomoki Kase
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Sea Snake ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Coleopteran Insect ◽  
Pointed End ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Northern Japan

The enigmatic fossil Moniopterus japonicus Hatai et al., 1974 from the early Middle Miocene Moniwa Formation of northern Japan has been described as the only known example of fossil sea-snake eggs and also as fossilized pupal chambers of a coleopteran insect. A reexamination of the holotype provides no evidence in support of these previous interpretations. Scanning electronic microscopy and computed tomography observations on the holotype reveal that the calcareous lining, previously interpreted as eggshell, is instead composed of irregular spherulitic prisms, thin in the middle and becoming thicker toward both ends. In addition to the elongate oval shape and the presence of an opening at the more pointed end, these observations strongly suggest that M. japonicus is a boring of the mytilid boring bivalve Lithophaga isolated from the host rock. This reinterpretation is further supported by the occurrence of similar isolated and in situ borings with Lithophaga shells within the type and a nearby locality. Regarding this fossil as an ichnofossil makes the generic name Moniopterus a junior synonym of Gastrochaenolites Leymerie, 1842 and the species name japonicus is a senior synonym of Gastrochaenolites torpedo Kelly and Bromley, 1984. G. torpedo should thus be replaced with Gastrochaenolites japonicus (Hatai et al., 1974).

India : underground water resources

1977 ◽  
Vol 278 (962) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Available Resources

Irrigation is important in India where one-third of the land surface is semi-arid and the rainfall is seasonal and erratic. The irrigated area in the country has almost doubled during the last 25 years and now stands at 43 million ha. Groundwater contributes to 40 % of all irrigation. Apart from providing irrigation, groundwater has been contributing to irrigated agriculture in many other ways and has, therefore, become a vital factor in the country’s plans for agricultural development. The total usable groundwater resources of the country are assessed at 350 x 109 m3. The factors contributing to these resources and governing their occurrence and distribution in different parts of the country are described. At present about 35 % of the available resources are utilized. Different types of groundwater structures, typical to India and suited to meet the irrigation needs of small farmers, are being constructed to tap the available resources in various parts of the country. Their design and construction features, determined to a large extent by the local geological formation, are explained. The first large-scale venture in scientific planning and the development of groundwater was undertaken in 1934. A major break-through came in 1965 with the advent of high-yielding varieties of crops. Two important factors, namely the expansion of the rural electrification programme and the development of the cooperative credit structure, have helped in sustaining a high tempo of development since then. The present dimensions and other features of the development programme are indicated. A systematic programme of groundwater investigations is a must for scientific development and management of the resources. It has been greatly intensified during the recent years and investigations include hydrogeological survey, geophysical studies, exploratory drilling, pump tests, and water balance studies including the construction of mathematical models. The approach and methodology adopted to keep down the cost of investigations is described. No amount of groundwater investigation and planning will help in preventing infructuous expenditure, unless there is legislation to control and regulate groundwater development. The steps taken in this direction are mentioned.

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